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Landscape influence analysis in the population structure of Haemagogus (Conopostegus) leucocelaenus (Diptera: Culicidae) from areas with yellow fever epizootics in non-human primates in the state of São Paulo

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Author(s):
Ramon Wilk da Silva
Total Authors: 1
Document type: Doctoral Thesis
Press: São Paulo.
Institution: Faculdade de Medicina (FM/SBD)
Defense date:
Examining board members:
Mauro Toledo Marrelli; Juliana Telles de Deus; Karin Kirchgatter; Adriano Pinter dos Santos
Advisor: Mauro Toledo Marrelli
Abstract

Yellow fever is an infectious disease caused by the yellow fever virus (YFV) transmitted by mosquitoes of the family Culicidae. The disease has been restricted to a sylvatic cycle in Brazil and others South American countries. The oldest register of the urban epidemic associated with Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in Brazilian territory was in 1928. In southern and southeast Brazil the species Haemagogus leucocelaenus has been incriminated as the main vector of causative virus of sylvatic yellow fever (SYF) by the usual encounter of its naturally infected specimens from areas with yellow fever epizootics reports. Recently, Brazil experienced the worst yellow fever outbreak in recent decades with several yellow fever epizootics reports in non-human primates (NHPs) and human cases in the state of São Paulo. The landscape fragmentation by anthropic influence represents one of the main causes of biodiversity loss and among other causes, we can highlight the changes in epidemiological patterns of zoonotic diseases by the changes in interaction levels between sylvatic hosts, vectors, and humans. Thus, understand the effect of fragmentation landscape in yellow fever vectors as Hg. leucocelaenus can constitute a better insight of the yellow fever circulation pattern in areas with epizootics reports supporting more effective control measures. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the landscape influence on the population structure of Hg. leucocelaenus mosquitoes from areas with yellow fever epizootics in non-human primates in the state of São Paulo. Mitochondrial single nucleotides polymorphisms (SNPs) were used to characterize the population structure of specimens and landscape metrics were obtained from sampled areas as a way of verifying its possible influence on the genetic diversity of individuals and events demographics in the populations. Additionally, signals of population structuration and patterns of the genetic signature of individuals were verified by the Fst index and Principal Component Discriminant Analysis (DPCA) based on the gene frequencies of the genotyped SNPs. The Balsamo, São José do Rio Preto, and Pindamonhangaba populations exhibited the highest indices of genetic diversity, while the populations of São Paulo and Mairiporã both sampled within Cantareira State Park showed signs of population expansion. Regarding structuring, it was possible to verify a grouping of the populations sampled in the northwest region of the state of São Paulo (Balsamo and São José do Rio Preto) with the others populations constituting a separate clade, pattern corroborated by the genetic signature pattern of the specimens. The structuring pattern observed in the present study indicates an isolation effect by geographic distance and suggests a dispersion of Hg. leucocelaenus specimens aided by the degree of connection of the landscape. While the indices of genetic diversity and population expansion events may be reflecting the ecological plasticity of the species (AU)

FAPESP's process: 17/23127-7 - Analysis of the influence of the landscape on the population structure of mosquitoes Haemagogus (Conopostegus) leucocelaenus (Diptera: Culicidae) in areas with historical of Yellow Fever epizootics in non-human primates in the State of São Paulo
Grantee:Ramon Wilk da Silva
Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate