Extraction of bioactive compounds from the pomegrante shell (Punica granatum L.) using the combination of pressurized ultrasound-assisted liquids associated with the nitrogen expansion gas, with application of the extract in an obesity induction model

Author(s)

Mariana Pacífico dos Santos Friolli

• Document type: Master's Dissertation
• Press: Limeira, SP.
• Institution: Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas
• Defense date: 2018-09-06

Examining board members

Maurício Ariel Rostagno; Gerardo Fernández Barbero; Leticia Ignácio de Souza Zimmermann

• Advisor: Dennys Esper Cintra; Maurício Ariel Rostagno

Abstract

Punic bark ("Punica granatum L".) is a rich raw material in bioactive compounds, which present a great biological potential for the treatment and prevention of various diseases including cancer, diabetes, obesity, among others. The main compounds present in the pomegranate bark are punicalagins and ellagic acid, which can be extracted using appropriate techniques and conditions. Thus, the main objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential effect of the combination of extraction techniques, pressurized liquids with ultrasonic assisted extraction associated with the use of the nitrogen expansion gas, in order to improve the efficiency and yield of the process to obtain of phenolic compounds from the pomegranate bark. It was also proposed to verify the biological potential of the extract obtained in an experimental model of obesity. Initially the combined effects of ultrasound power (0 - 600 W) with initial expansion gas pressure (0 - 15 bar) were studied. Subsequently, the following variables were studied: temperature (40, 80°C), PLE pressure (100, 200, 300 bar), sample particle size (> 1 mm, <1 mm). Conditions with significant performance in the extraction process; power (200 and 400 W) and pressure (10 bar), 29.8% better than the condition that used a power (600 W) and did not use the expansion gas. In the study of the PLE pressure variable, the increase in pressure (300 bar) reduced by approximately 18% (10 bar - 400 W combination) of the extracted contents. The increase in temperature (80°C) led to a reduction of approximately 25% in yield. Particle size influenced the yield of the extract, samples with particles smaller than 1 mm increased by approximately 23% (combination 10 bar - 400W) yield, when compared to particles with a size> 1 mm, in addition to a reduction in extraction time. Therefore, the study of combinations of advanced extraction techniques has shown that the associations of the techniques seem to be promising for the extraction of bioactive compounds guaranteeing a higher yield. In the evaluation of the biological effect were used Swiss male mice, initially one group was submitted to the period of induction to obesity. At the end of the induction period of obesity and glucose intolerance, the HF group was separated into new groups: HF + EXT (crude extract of pomegranate peel); HF + Punica (isolated extract from Punicalagina); HF + AE (isolated extract of ellagic acid), treated for 30 days. All the interventions reduced the consumption of food in relation to the obese group, the same can be observed for the caloric density. Likewise, weight gain decreased for the HF + Punica group (1.1 g); HF + AE (0.92 g) and weight loss HF + EXT (5.16 g p <0.0001) compared to HF (3.83 g). The glycemia was in: HF (417 mg / dL ± 28.12); HF + EXT (269.57 mg / dL ± 19.64 p <0.0001); HF + Punica (323.69 mg / dL ± 13.99 p <0.05) and HF + AE (385.05 mg / dL ± 23.43 p <0.05). Therefore, all extracts of the pomegranate peel were able to act on the weight gain and glycemia of the experimental animals (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 16/20016-7 - Extraction of bioactive compounds from husks of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) using pressurized liquids assisted by ultrasound
• Grantee: Mariana Pacífico dos Santos
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Master