Physical training, inflammatory process and adaptative condition

Author(s)

Fernando Oliveira Catanho da Silva

• Document type: Doctoral Thesis
• Press: Campinas, SP.
• Institution: Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Instituto de Biologia
• Defense date: 2009-02-19

Examining board members

Denise Vaz de Macedo; Bayardo Baptista Torres; Dora Maria Grassi Kassisse; Mauro Walter Vaisberg; Claudio Cesar Zoppi

• Advisor: Denise Vaz de Macedo

Abstract

Physical exercise can cause trauma to biological structures as skeletal muscle, joints, bone and several other tissues. Training in a chronic way and considering training-recovery relationship can lead to a coherent sequence of trauma and consequently to organic adaptive condition (Functional Overreaching - FOR). On the other hand an imbalance between training-recovery can lead to organic non-adaptive condition, directed by performance decrease and several other symptoms (Non-Functional Overreaching - NFOR and/or Overtraining Syndrome - OTS). Literature suggested that anti and pro-inflammatory markers are involved in the differentiation of these states. Our main goal was to investigate the relationship among exercise training, FOR and NFOR through performance added to serum and tissue immunologic, biochemical and hematological biomarkers in rats submitted to an overtraining inducing protocol recently developed in our laboratory. This work was divided in two chapters written as scientific articles. Chapter 1 consists in literature data review about inflammatory process and exercise training. A study guidebook follows this review to be used as a teaching tool to discuss the relationship between inflammatory process and exercise training. Chapter 2 presents data as performance added to muscle and hepatic cytokines concentration: Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNFa), Interleukin 1-Beta (IL-1ß), Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and Interleukin 10 (IL-10); muscle aminoacids concentration: Glutamine (Gln) and Glutamate (Glu); serum concentration of C-reactive Protein (CRP), Albumin, Uric Acid (UA), Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma (FRAP), Creatine Kinase (CK), Urea, Total Proteins, Creatinine and hemogram from rats submitted to a treadmill training protocol containing an imbalance between exercise and rest. Protocol consisted in 11 weeks training 1x/day from week 1 to week 8; training 2x/day at week 9; training 3x/day at week 10; training 4x/day at week 11. Performance and biomarkers were analyzed after week 9 and week 11. The rats sacrificed at 9th week constituted trained group (Tr). The control group (CO) was also sacrificed at 9th week. Results showed that performance of mostly rats were significantly increased after 11th week (p<0,05) and then characterized group FOR. The FOR group showed a greater anti-inflammatory pattern in muscle (?[IL6] and ??[TNFa ?and IL-1 ß]) and serum (?[CRP]) beyond a greater serum antioxidant status (?[UA and FRAP]) (p<0,05). The liver analysis showed a greater pro-inflammatory status (?[TNFa ?and IL-1 ß]) (p<0,05). There was a decrease tendency in CK serum concentration and WBC total and relative count (neutrophils, lymphocytes, band cells) added to a decrease (p<0,05) in Gln/Glu ratio when compared to Tr group. There was also a decrease in RBC and HCT at FOR (p<0,05) in relation to Tr group. We concluded that rats from FOR group were more adapted than CO and Tr rats, exhibiting muscle and serum antiinflammatory and antioxidant pattern. (AU)