Development of Polymerase Chain Reactions (PCRs) for differential diagnosis of the main species of the genus Brucella

Author(s)

Vanessa Riesz Salgado

• Document type: Doctoral Thesis
• Press: São Paulo.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ/SBD)
• Defense date: 2011-01-21

Examining board members

Leonardo José Richtzenhain; Marcos Bryan Heinemann; Lara Borges Keid; Eliana Scarcelli Pinheiro; Silvio Arruda Vasconcellos

• Advisor: Leonardo José Richtzenhain

Abstract

Brucellosis is responsible for great economic losses and serious impact on public health. This infectious disease is caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella, whose species and their respective biovars are often characterized by isolation and identification of differences in phenotypic tests. The complex and laborious process of Brucella typing, comprising the danger in handling of microorganisms, delay in obtaining results and instability of phenotypic characteristics or isolation of atypical strains, stimulated the search for more sensitive and specific techniques such as PCR. This technique would facilitate the epidemiological investigation of human and animal cases. Several analyses even as sequencing of certain genes and the complete genome of some species, demonstrated the existence of polymorphisms in the DNA of Brucella, which can be used to identify them. Due to typing difficulties and discovery of single polymorphisms in DNA bacterial species, our goals were to develop specific primers for identification of six species of the genus B. abortus, B. melitensis, B. suis, B. canis, B. ovis and B. neotomae and standardize PCRs to identify them with greater sensitivity and speed. We tried to characterize species-specific molecular markers using random amplification and cloning of specific fragments to design primers, without satisfactory results. Only one primer based on polymorphisms already described in the literature was successful for B. abortus specie differentiation. Thus, we performed the multiple alignment of the complete sequences of chromosomes I and II of Brucella species. This approach allowed the identification of several specie-specific polymorphic events, from which potential regions were chosen for the design of seven primers (two for B. canis, B. melitensis and B. ovis, and one for B. canis / B. suis). The analytical specificity of all primers was verified with the Primer BLAST software. Tests with specific primers were performed on 18 reference strains of Brucella, including all the six species of the genus Brucella and 231 field strains of B. abortus, B. canis and B. suis. The PCRs showed the expected fragment amplification in almost all reference and field strains, except for the B. canis and the B. canis / B. suis primers. Ours results suggest that these PCRs are able for Brucella species differentiation. (AU)