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| Author(s): |
Daniel Oliveira de Lucena Sarmento
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Master's Dissertation |
| Press: | Piracicaba. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALA/BC) |
| Defense date: | 2003-07-02 |
| Examining board members: |
Sila Carneiro da Silva;
Paulo César de Faccio Carvalho;
Luiz Gustavo Nussio
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| Advisor: | Sila Carneiro da Silva |
| Abstract | |
Knowledge of aspects related to plant:animal interface in pastoral systems acquire greater importance when the main objective is to rationalize and optimize the use of any resource available. In that scenario, characterization of structural sward components and their effect on ingestive behaviour of grazing animals is a key element, since they can have a relevant influence on herbage intake. Against this background, the objective of this experiment was to study aspects of the plant:animal interface quantifying bite size, bite rate, time spent on grazing, rumination and rest as well as herbage intake of cattle grazing Brachiaria brizantha cv Marandu pastures submitted to continuous stocking managements. The experiment was carried out at Departamento de Zootecnia, USP/ESALQ, Piracicaba, SP, from 01 November 2001 until 14 February 2003. Treatments corresponded to four steady state conditions characterized by sward surface heights (SSH) of 10, 20, 30 and 40 cm, assigned to experimental units according to a complete randomized block design, with four replications. The results revealed a reduction in herbage intake with decreasing SSH (1.3, 1.8, 1.8 and 2.0 kg DM.kg LW -1 for 10, 20, 30 and 40 cm, respectively), consequence of a reduction in bite size (0.5, 0.8, 1,2 and 1.5 g DM.bite -1 for 10, 20, 30 and 40 cm, respectively). Animals, in an attempt to compensate the decrease in herbage intake, increased their bite rate (46.3, 30.3, 23.8 and 17.5 bites.minute -1 for 10, 20, 30 and 40 cm, respectively) and, for the 10 cm SSH, increased, also, their grazing time (11.4, 10.7, 10.6 and 10.5 hours.day -1 for 10, 20, 30 and 40 cm, respectively). It was concluded that herbage intake can be controlled by variations in sward structure and condition, which points to the potential for planning and monitoring grazing strategies based on sward targets for variable levels of animal requirements, time of the year and animal species. (AU) | |