Determination of the anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects of L-glutamine and L-alanine, or dipeptide, supplementation in rats submitted to resistance exercise

Author(s)

Raizel, Raquel ; Moreira Leite, Jaqueline Santos ; Hypolito, Thais Menezes ; Coqueiro, Audrey Yule ; Newsholme, Philip ; Cruzat, Vinicius Fernandes ; Tirapegui, Julio

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION; v. 116, n. 3, p. 470-479, AUG 14 2016.
• Web of Science Citations: 10

Abstract

We evaluated the effects of chronic oral supplementation with L-glutamine and L-alanine in their free form or as the dipeptide L-alanyl-L-glutamine (DIP) on muscle damage, inflammation and cytoprotection, in rats submitted to progressive resistance exercise (RE). Wistar rats (n 8/group) were submitted to 8-week RE, which consisted of climbing a ladder with progressive loads. In the final 21 d before euthanasia, supplements were delivered in a 4% solution in drinking water. Glutamine, creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), TNF-alpha, specific IL (IL-1 beta, IL-6 and IL-10) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels were evaluated in plasma. The concentrations of glutamine, TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-10, as well as NF-kappa B activation, were determined in extensor digitorum longus (EDL) skeletal muscle. HSP70 level was assayed in EDL and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). RE reduced glutamine concentration in plasma and EDL (P< 0.05 v. sedentary group). However, L-glutamine supplements (L-alanine plus L-glutamine (GLN + ALA) and DIP groups) restored glutamine levels in plasma (by 40 and 58 %, respectively) and muscle (by 93 and 105 %, respectively). GLN + ALA and DIP groups also exhibited increased level of HSP70 in EDL and PBMC, consistent with the reduction of NF-kappa B p65 activation and cytokines in EDL. Muscle protection was also indicated by attenuation in plasma levels of CK, LDH, TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta, as well as an increase in IL-6, IL-10 and MCP-1. Our study demonstrates that chronic oral L-glutamine treatment (given with L-alanine or as dipeptide) following progressive RE induces cyprotective effects mediated by HSP70-associated responses to muscle damage and inflammation. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 12/21087-4 - Effect of nutritional intervention and resistance training in ovariectomized rats and/or in rats subjected to an intense workout protocol
• Grantee: Julio Orlando Tirapegui Toledo
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants
• FAPESP's process: 15/00446-4 - Metabolic regulation, and insulin secretion and action mechanism induced by L-glutamine supplementation in mutant obese mice
• Grantee: Vinicius Fernandes Cruzat
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Post-Doctoral