The effect of mixing method on tricalcium silicate-based cement

Author(s)

Duque, J. A. ^[1] ; Fernandes, S. L. ^[1] ; Bubola, J. P. ^[1] ; Duarte, M. A. H. ^[1] ; Camilleri, J. ^[2] ; Marciano, M. A. ^[3]

Affiliation

^[1] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Dent, Dent Sch Bauru, BR-17012901 Bauru, SP - Brazil

^[2] Univ Malta, Fac Dent Surg, Dept Restorat Dent, Msida - Malta

^[3] Univ Estadual Campinas, Piracicaba Dent Sch, Piracicaba, SP - Brazil

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: International Endodontic Journal; v. 51, n. 1, p. 69-78, JAN 2018.
• Web of Science Citations: 5

Abstract

AimTo evaluate the effect of three methods of mixing on the physical and chemical properties of tricalcium silicate-based cements. MethodologyThe materials evaluated were MTA Angelus and Portland cement with 20% zirconium oxide (PC-20-Zr). The cements were mixed using a 3:1 powder-to-liquid ratio. The mixing methods were manual (m), trituration (tr) and ultrasonic (us) activation. The materials were characterized by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Flowability was analysed according to ANSI/ADA 57/2012. Initial and final setting times were assessed following ASTM C266/08. Volume change was evaluated using a micro-CT volumetric method. Solubility was analysed according to ADA 57/2012. pH and calcium ion release were measured after 3, 24, 72 and 168h. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way analysis of variance. The level of significance was set at P=0.05. ResultsThe SEM analysis revealed that ultrasonic activation was associated with a homogeneous distribution of particles. Flowability, volume change and initial setting time were not influenced by the mixing method (P>0.05). Solubility was influenced by the mixing method (P<0.05). For pH, at 168h, significant differences were found between MTA-m and PC-20-Zr-m (P<0.05). For calcium ion release, PC-20-Zr-tr had higher values than MTA-m at 3h, and MTA-tr had higher values than PC-20-Zr-m at 168h (P<0.05). ConclusionsThe ultrasonic and trituration methods led to higher calcium ion release and pH compared with manual mixing for all cements, whilst the ultrasonic method produced smaller particles for the PC-20-Zr cement. Flow, setting times and volume change were not influenced by the mixing method used; however, it did have an impact on solubility. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 15/01934-2 - Influence of the handling method the physicochemical properties of the MTA and a calcium silicate based sealer
• Grantee: Julia Putinatti Bubola
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Scientific Initiation
• FAPESP's process: 14/01003-6 - Aluminum chloride and aluminum fluoride added to MTA Angelus to inhibit the dental discolouration: evaluation of physical, chemical and biological properties
• Grantee: Marina Angélica Marciano da Silva
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Post-Doctoral