Resistance training and caloric restriction prevent systolic blood pressure rise by improving the nitric oxide effect on smooth muscle and morphological changes in the aorta of ovariectomized rats

Author(s):Show less -

de Souza Lino, Anderson Diogo ^[1] ; Vianna, Daiana ^[2] ; Oishi, Jorge Camargo ^[3] ; Campos Souza, Markus Vinicius ^[4] ; Ruffoni, Leandro Dias ^[5] ; Marin, Cecilia Tardivo ^[1] ; da Silva de Avo, Lucimar Retto ^[6] ; de Andrade Perez, Sergio Eduardo ^[1] ; Rodrigues, Gerson Jhonatan ^[3] ; Tirapegui, Julio ^[2] ; Shiguemoto, Gilberto Eiji ^[1]

Affiliation

^[1] Fed Univ Sao Carlos UFSCar, Interinst Postgrad Program Physiol Sci, Ctr Biol & Hlth Sci, Lab Exercise Physiol, Dept Physiol Sci, Sao Carlos, SP - Brazil

^[2] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Food & Expt Nutr, Lab Nutr Biochem, Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[3] Fed Univ Sao Carlos UFSCar, Ctr Biol & Hlth Sci, Interinst Postgrad Program Physiol Sci, Dept Physiol Sci, Lab Pharmacol, Sao Carlos, SP - Brazil

^[4] Univ Fed Triangulo Mineiro, Dept Sports Sci, Postgrad Program Phys Educ, Phys Educ Course, Uberaba - Brazil

^[5] Fed Univ Sao Carlos UFSCar, Interinst Postgrad Program Physiol Sci, Ctr Biol & Hlth Sci, Lab Neuroendocrinol, Dept Physiol Sci, Sao Carlos, SP - Brazil

^[6] Fed Univ Sao Carlos UFSCar, Ctr Biol & Hlth Sci, Med Dept, Sao Carlos, SP - Brazil

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: PLoS One; v. 13, n. 8 AUG 22 2018.
• Web of Science Citations: 1

Abstract

In this study, we investigated the effects of resistance training (RT), caloric restriction (CR), and the association of both interventions in aortic vascular reactivity and morphological alterations, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) activity, insulin resistance and systolic blood pressure (SBP) in ovariectomized rats. Fifty female Holtzman rats were subjected to ovariectomy and Sham surgery and distributed into the following groups: Sham-sedentary, ovariectomized-sedentary, ovariectomized-resistance training, ovariectomized-caloric restriction, and ovariectomized-resistance training and caloric restriction groups. RT and 30% CR protocols were performed for 13 weeks. Analyses were conducted to evaluate the following: acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside-induced relaxation of aortic rings, MMP-2 activity, insulin tolerance test, highlighting of the aorta wall cross-sectional area by hematoxylin-eosin stain, aorta vessel remodeling and SBP. We observed that ovariectomy decreased the potency of dependent and independent endothelium relaxation and MMP-2 activity, prevented insulin resistance, promoted aorta vessel remodeling in the cross-sectional area, and promoted the media-to-lumen ratio, the collagen content, and the alteration of the structure and elastic fibers of the vessel. The effects of the ovariectomy could contribute to SBP increases. However, the association of exercise and diet improved the relaxation potency in dependent and independent endothelium relaxation, elevated MMP-2 activity, ameliorate insulin sensitivity, increased the aorta cross-sectional area and media-to-lumen ratio, decreased collagen content and promoted histological parameters of the aorta vessel wall, preventing the increase of SBP. Conclusion: Our study revealed that the RT and CR separately, and even associatively, improved vascular function, activated MMP-2, and produced a beneficial hypertrophic remodeling, preventing the elevation of SBP in ovariectomized rats. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 12/21087-4 - Effect of nutritional intervention and resistance training in ovariectomized rats and/or in rats subjected to an intense workout protocol
• Grantee: Julio Orlando Tirapegui Toledo
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants