Differential Yellow Fever Susceptibility in New World Nonhuman Primates, Comparison with Humans, and Implications for Surveillance

Author(s):Show less -

de Azevedo Fernandes, Natalia C. C. ^{[1, 2]} ; Guerra, Juliana M. ^{[1, 2]} ; Diaz-Delgado, Josue ^{[1, 2, 3]} ; Cunha, Mariana S. ^[2] ; Saad, Leila del C. ^[4] ; Iglezias, Silvia D. ^[2] ; Ressio, Rodrigo A. ^[2] ; Cirqueira, Cinthya dos Santos ^[2] ; Kanamura, Cristina T. ^[2] ; Jesus, Isis P. ^[2] ; Maeda, Adriana Y. ^[2] ; Vasami, Fernanda G. S. ^[2] ; de Carvalho, Julia ^[2] ; de Araujo, Leonardo J. T. ^[2] ; de Souza, Renato Pereira ^[2] ; Nogueira, Juliana S. ^[2] ; Spinola, Roberta M. F. ^[4] ; Catao-Dias, Jose L. ^[1]

Affiliation

^[1] Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[2] Adolfo Lutz Inst, Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[3] Texas A&M Vet Med Diagnost Lab, College Stn, TX - USA

^[4] Ctr Vigilancia Epidemiol Prof Alexandre Vranjac, Sao Paulo - Brazil

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases; v. 27, n. 1, p. 47-56, JAN 2021.
• Web of Science Citations: 1

Abstract

A major outbreak of yellow fever (YF) occurred in Brazil during 2016-2018. Epizootics in New World nonhuman primates are sentinel events for YF virus circulation. However, genus-specific susceptibilities and suitability for YF surveillance remain poorly understood. We obtained and compared epidemiologic, histopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular results from 93 human and 1,752 primate cases submitted during the recent YF outbreak in Brazil (2017), with the support of the Brazilian National YF Surveillance Program. We detected heterogeneous YF-associated profiles among the various genera of primates we analyzed. Alouatta primates were the most reliable sentinel; Sapajus and Callicebus primates had higher viral loads but lower proportional mortality rates. Callithrix primates were the least sensitive, showing lower viral loads, lower proportional mortality rates, and no demonstrable YF virus antigen or extensive lesions in liver, despite detectable viral RNA. These differences in susceptibility, viral load, and mortality rates should be considered in strategic surveillance of epizootics and control measures for YF. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 17/02223-8 - Comparative immunopathology of cetacean morbillivirus infection: histologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular studies
• Grantee: Josué Díaz Delgado
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Post-Doctoral