Towards the advance of a novel iontophoretic patch for needle-free buccal anesthesia

Author(s)

do Couto, Rene Oliveira ^[1] ; Cubayachi, Camila ^[2] ; Duarte, Maira Peres Ferreira ^[2] ; Lopez, Renata Fonseca Vianna ^[2] ; Pedrazzi, Vinicius ^[3] ; Gaitani, Cristiane Masetto De ^[2] ; Freitas, Osvaldo de ^[2]

Affiliation

^[1] Univ Fed Sao Joao Rei, Campus Ctr Oeste Dona Lindu, Divinopolis, MG - Brazil

^[2] Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Pharmaceut Sci Ribeirao Preto, Ribeirao Preto, SP - Brazil

^[3] Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Dent Ribeirao Preto, Ribeirao Preto, SP - Brazil

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: Materials Science & Engineering C-Materials for Biological Applications; v. 122, MAR 2021.
• Web of Science Citations: 0

Abstract

The aim of this work was to develop a mucoadhesive iontophoretic patch for anesthetic delivery in the buccal epithelium. The patch was comprised of three different layers, namely i) drug release (0.64 cm(2)); ii) mucoadhesive (1.13 cm2); and iii) backing (1.13 cm(2)). Prilocaine and lidocaine hydrochlorides were used as model drugs (1:1 ratio, 12.5 mg per unit). An anode electrode (0.5 cm2 spiral silver wire) was placed in between the drug release and mucoadhesive/backing layers to enable iontophoresis. Surface microscopy; mechanical and in vitro mucoadhesive properties; drug release kinetics and mechanism; and drug permeation through the porcine esophageal epithelium were assessed. Topographic analysis evidenced differences in the physical structures for the several layers. All layers presented suitable handling properties i.e., flexibility, elasticity and resistance. Both the release and mucoadhesive layers presented features of a soft and tough material, while the backing layer matched the characteristics of a hard and brittle material. A synergy between the drug release and mucoadhesive layers on the mucoadhesive force and work of adhesion of the tri-layered patch was observed. Passive drug release of both drugs fitted to First-order, Hixson-Crowell and Weibull kinetic models; and the release mechanism was attributed to anomalous transport. Iontophoresis remarkably enhanced the permeation of both drugs, but mainly prilocaine through the mucosa as evidenced by the permeability coefficient parameter (3.0-fold). The amount of these amino amide salts retained in the mucosa were also equally enhanced (4.7-fold), while the application of a tiny constant electric current (1 mA.ycm(-2).h(-1)) significantly decreased the lag time for lidocaine permeation by about 45%. In view of possible in vitro / in vivo correlations, the buccal iontophoretic patch displays a promising strategy for needle-free and patient-friendly local anesthesia in dentistry. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 12/05644-0 - Development of mucoadhesive semisolid systems for anesthetic release and iontophoresis application on the buccal cavity
• Grantee: Camila Cubayachi
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Master
• FAPESP's process: 14/22451-7 - Sustained drug delivery systems targeting the epithelial tissue
• Grantee: Renata Fonseca Vianna Lopez
• Support Opportunities: Research Projects - Thematic Grants
• FAPESP's process: 13/12174-3 - Study of resorbable polymers: the effect of degradation and erosion on dye release
• Grantee: Renê Oliveira Do Couto
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships abroad - Research Internship - Doctorate