Eco-friendly and inexpensive food grade bioethanol for Eugenia uniflora L. chromatographic fingerprinting: A trade-off between separation and sustainability

Author(s)

Souza, Otavio Aguiar ^[1] ; Furlani, Rafael Pelegrino ^[1] ; Ramalhao, Vitoria Giovanna da Silva ^[2] ; Borges, Maiara Stefanini ^[1] ; Funari, Cristiano Soleo ^[3] ; Bolzani, Vanderlan da Silva ^[1] ; Rinaldo, Daniel ^{[1, 2]}

Affiliation

^[1] UNESP Sao Paulo State Univ, Inst Chem, 55 Prof Francisco Degni, BR-14800900 Araraquara, SP - Brazil

^[2] UNESP Sao Paulo State Univ, Sch Sci, 14-01 Engn Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube Ave, BR-17033360 Bauru, SP - Brazil

^[3] UNESP Sao Paulo State Univ, Sch Agr Sci, 1879 Doutor Jose Barbosa de Barros St, BR-18610307 Botucatu, SP - Brazil

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: PHYTOCHEMISTRY LETTERS; v. 43, p. 200-207, JUN 2021.
• Web of Science Citations: 0

Abstract

In this work, we developed a green HPLC-PAD method to fingerprint Eugenia uniflora L. leaves by employing Design of Experiments with inexpensive food grade bioethanol as mobile-phase organic modifier aiming to cover Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC) principles and concepts. Initially, two different chromatographic columns coupled with five chromatographic factors were screened employing a Fractional Factorial Design. Once the phenyl-hexyl column was chosen and the most important factors were known, they were optimized in a Central Composite Design (CCD). Outcomes were monitored using two multiparametric responses: Green Chromatographic Fingerprinting Response (GCFR) with modifications and HPLC-EAT (Environmental Assessment Tool), and Derringer's desirability function was employed to reach a trade-off between them. The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) strategy enabled the prediction of the optimized chromatographic conditions as 5.26-52.63 % of the food grade bioethanol (95 degrees GL) in 30 min, at 35 degrees C, and 0.6 mL min(-1). The simultaneous consideration of environmental and separation parameters led to the successful development of a validated HPLC-PAD method more efficient, cheaper, and almost 3-fold greener when compared with a preliminary reference method reported in the literature, also being applicable even by small laboratories without cutting-edge instrumentation. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 14/50926-0 - INCT 2014: biodiversity and natural products
• Grantee: Vanderlan da Silva Bolzani
• Support Opportunities: BIOTA-FAPESP Program - Thematic Grants
• FAPESP's process: 16/08179-8 - Development of green alternatives by HPLC for analysis of medicinal plants of interest to the Brazilian Health Ministry
• Grantee: Daniel Rinaldo
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants