| Full text | |
| Author(s): Show less - |
Grgic, Jozo
[1]
;
Pedisic, Zeljko
[1]
;
Saunders, Bryan
[2, 3]
;
Artioli, Guilherme G.
[4]
;
Schoenfeld, Brad J.
[5]
;
McKenna, Michael J.
[1]
;
Bishop, David J.
[1]
;
Kreider, Richard B.
[6]
;
Stout, Jeffrey R.
[7]
;
Kalman, Douglas S.
[8, 9]
;
Arent, Shawn M.
[10]
;
VanDusseldorp, Trisha A.
[11]
;
Lopez, Hector L.
[12, 13]
;
Ziegenfuss, Tim N.
[12]
;
Burke, Louise M.
[14]
;
Antonio, Jose
[15]
;
Campbell, Bill I.
[16]
Total Authors: 17
|
| Affiliation: Show less - | [1] Victoria Univ, Inst Hlth & Sport, Melbourne, Vic - Australia
[2] Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med FMUSP, Appl Physiol & Nutr Res Grp, Sch Phys Educ & Sport, Rheumatol Div, Sao Paulo, SP - Brazil
[3] Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med FMUSP, Inst Orthopaed & Traumatol, Sao Paulo - Brazil
[4] Manchester Metropolitan Univ, Ctr Biosci, Manchester M1 5GD, Lancs - England
[5] Lehman Coll, Dept Hlth Sci, Bronx, NY - USA
[6] Texas A&M Univ, Exercise & Sport Nutr Lab, Human Clin Res Facil, Dept Hlth & Kinesiol, College Stn, TX - USA
[7] Univ Cent Florida, Sch Kinesiol & Phys Therapy, Physiol Work & Exercise Response POWER Lab, Inst Exercise Physiol & Rehabil Sci, Orlando, FL 32816 - USA
[8] Nova Southeastern Univ, Dept Nutr, Coll Osteopath Med, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 - USA
[9] Sci Affairs Nutrasource, Guelph, ON - Canada
[10] Univ South Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Exercise Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 - USA
[11] Kennesaw State Univ, Dept Exercise Sci & Sport Management, Kennesaw, GA 30144 - USA
[12] Ctr Appl Hlth Sci, Stow, OH - USA
[13] Supplement Safety Solut, Bedford, MA 01730 - USA
[14] Australian Catholic Univ, Mary MacKillop Inst Hlth Res, Exercise & Nutr Res Program, Melbourne, Vic - Australia
[15] Nova Southeastern Univ, Exercise & Sport Sci, Davie, FL 33314 - USA
[16] Univ S Florida, Performance & Phys Enhancement Lab, Tampa, FL 33612 - USA
Total Affiliations: 16
|
| Document type: | Review article |
| Source: | JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF SPORTS NUTRITION; v. 18, n. 1 SEP 9 2021. |
| Web of Science Citations: | 0 |
| Abstract | |
Based on a comprehensive review and critical analysis of the literature regarding the effects of sodium bicarbonate supplementation on exercise performance, conducted by experts in the field and selected members of the International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN), the following conclusions represent the official Position of the Society: 1. Supplementation with sodium bicarbonate (doses from 0.2 to 0.5 g/kg) improves performance in muscular endurance activities, various combat sports, including boxing, judo, karate, taekwondo, and wrestling, and in high-intensity cycling, running, swimming, and rowing. The ergogenic effects of sodium bicarbonate are mostly established for exercise tasks of high-intensity that last between 30 s and 12 min. 2. Sodium bicarbonate improves performance in single- and multiple-bout exercise. 3. Sodium bicarbonate improves exercise performance in both men and women. 4. For single-dose supplementation protocols, 0.2 g/kg of sodium bicarbonate seems to be the minimum dose required to experience improvements in exercise performance. The optimal dose of sodium bicarbonate dose for ergogenic effects seems to be 0.3 g/kg. Higher doses (e.g., 0.4 or 0.5 g/kg) may not be required in single-dose supplementation protocols, because they do not provide additional benefits (compared with 0.3 g/kg) and are associated with a higher incidence and severity of adverse side-effects. 5. For single-dose supplementation protocols, the recommended timing of sodium bicarbonate ingestion is between 60 and 180 min before exercise or competition. 6. Multiple-day protocols of sodium bicarbonate supplementation can be effective in improving exercise performance. The duration of these protocols is generally between 3 and 7 days before the exercise test, and a total sodium bicarbonate dose of 0.4 or 0.5 g/kg per day produces ergogenic effects. The total daily dose is commonly divided into smaller doses, ingested at multiple points throughout the day (e.g., 0.1 to 0.2 g/kg of sodium bicarbonate consumed at breakfast, lunch, and dinner). The benefit of multiple-day protocols is that they could help reduce the risk of sodium bicarbonate-induced side-effects on the day of competition. 7. Long-term use of sodium bicarbonate (e.g., before every exercise training session) may enhance training adaptations, such as increased time to fatigue and power output. 8. The most common side-effects of sodium bicarbonate supplementation are bloating, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. The incidence and severity of side-effects vary between and within individuals, but it is generally low. Nonetheless, these side-effects following sodium bicarbonate supplementation may negatively impact exercise performance. Ingesting sodium bicarbonate (i) in smaller doses (e.g., 0.2 g/kg or 0.3 g/kg), (ii) around 180 min before exercise or adjusting the timing according to individual responses to side-effects, (iii) alongside a high-carbohydrate meal, and (iv) in enteric-coated capsules are possible strategies to minimize the likelihood and severity of these side-effects. 9. Combining sodium bicarbonate with creatine or beta-alanine may produce additive effects on exercise performance. It is unclear whether combining sodium bicarbonate with caffeine or nitrates produces additive benefits. 10. Sodium bicarbonate improves exercise performance primarily due to a range of its physiological effects. Still, a portion of the ergogenic effect of sodium bicarbonate seems to be placebo-driven. (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 16/50438-0 - Nutritional suplementation and exercise to optimize exercise performance: focus on individual responses and a step towards personalized sports nutrition |
| Grantee: | Bryan Saunders |
| Support Opportunities: | Research Grants - Young Investigators Grants |