Immunomodulatory Effect of Polysaccharides from the Mushroom-Forming Basidiomycete Gymnopilus imperialis (Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota)

Author(s):Show less -

Caldas, Lhais A. ; Santos, Patricia D. ; Carbonero, Elaine R. ; Ionta, Marisa ; Miyazawa, Marta ; Caixeta, Ester S. ; Fregnan, Antonio M. ; Nobrega, Bianca Barros ; Di Medeiros, Maria Carolina B. ; Menolli Jr, Nelson ; Soares, Douglas M. M. ; Stevani, Cassius, V ; Sartorelli, Patricia

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: PHARMACEUTICALS; v. 15, n. 10, p. 13-pg., 2022-10-01.

Abstract

Gymnopilus consists of a widely distributed genus of basidiomycetes, especially in tropical regions of the world, such as Japan, Australia, Paraguay, and Brazil. This genus biosynthesizes interesting bioactive compounds, such as sesquiterpenoids, oligoisoprenoids, styrylpyrones, and lectins. In the present study, the aqueous extract of the basidiomata of Gymnopilus imperialis (Basidiomycota, Agaricomycetes, Agaricales, Hymenogastraceae) was obtained by using the accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) technique, followed by the precipitation of polysaccharide fraction with ethanol. Further purification by freeze-thawing processes, Fehling solution precipitation, and membrane dialysis with different pore sizes yield three main polysaccharide fractions (Gi-MRSW, Gi-PFME, and Gi-SFME). According to monosaccharide composition and C-13-NMR data, the Gi-MRSW and Gi-SFME fractions showed to be composed mainly of beta-glucans and Gi-PFME by a heterogalactan. Moreover, the immunomodulatory potential of Gi-MRSW was evaluated using RAW 264.7 murine macrophage as a study model. The nitric oxide production was significantly increased in treated samples, and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) showed that the fraction Gi-MRSW from G. imperialis induces the M1 polarization phenotype. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 22/09202-4 - Metabolomic and genomic study of fungi aiming at obtaining bioactive substances
• Grantee: Patricia Sartorelli
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants
• FAPESP's process: 18/15677-0 - Mushrooms in the Atlantic Forest: diversity and potential of edible species
• Grantee: Nelson Menolli Junior
• Support Opportunities: BIOTA-FAPESP Program - Young Investigators Grants
• FAPESP's process: 16/24985-4 - Study the chemical composition of fungi and plants of the Atlantic Forest aimed at antitumor, antiparasitic and antimicrobial potential
• Grantee: Patricia Sartorelli
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants
• FAPESP's process: 19/12605-0 - Bioluminescence of Fungi, Millipede and Marine Organisms: Chemical and Biological Aspects
• Grantee: Douglas Moraes Mendel Soares
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Post-Doctoral
• FAPESP's process: 17/22501-2 - Electronic chemiexcitation in biological systems: bioluminescence and photochemistry in the dark
• Grantee: Etelvino José Henriques Bechara
• Support Opportunities: Research Projects - Thematic Grants
• FAPESP's process: 18/25646-4 - Polysaccharides and special metabolites from basidiomycetes fungi: isolation, characterization and evaluation of antitumor potential
• Grantee: Lhaís Araújo Caldas
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate