Plasma lipid metabolites as potential biomarkers for identifying individuals at risk of obesity-induced metabolic complications

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Bellot, Paula Emilia Nunes Ribeiro ; Braga, Erik Sobrinho ; Omage, Folorunsho Bright ; Nunes, Francisca Leide da Silva ; Lima, Severina Carla Vieira Cunha ; Lyra, Clelia Oliveira ; Marchioni, Dirce Maria Lobo ; Pedrosa, Lucia Fatima Campos ; Barbosa Jr, Fernando ; Tasic, Ljubica ; Sena-Evangelista, Karine Cavalcanti Mauricio

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: SCIENTIFIC REPORTS; v. 13, n. 1, p. 13-pg., 2023-07-20.

Abstract

Lipidomics studies have indicated an association between obesity and lipid metabolism dysfunction. This study aimed to evaluate and compare cardiometabolic risk factors, and the lipidomic profile in adults and older people. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 72 individuals, divided into two sex and age-matched groups: obese (body mass index-BMI & GE; 30 kg/m(2); n = 36) and non-obese (BMI < 30 kg/m(2); n = 36). The lipidomic profiles were evaluated in plasma using H-1 nuclear magnetic resonance (H-1-NMR) spectroscopy. Obese individuals had higher waist circumference (p < 0.001), visceral adiposity index (p = 0.029), homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.010), and triacylglycerols (TAG) levels (p = 0.018). H-1-NMR analysis identified higher amounts of saturated lipid metabolite fragments, lower levels of unsaturated lipids, and some phosphatidylcholine species in the obese group. Two powerful machine learning (ML) models-k-nearest neighbors (kNN) and XGBoost (XGB) were employed to characterize the lipidomic profile of obese individuals. The results revealed metabolic alterations associated with obesity in the NMR signals. The models achieved high accuracy of 86% and 81%, respectively. The feature importance analysis identified signal at 1.50-1.60 ppm (-CO-CH2-CH2-, Cholesterol and fatty acid in TAG, Phospholipids) to have the highest importance in the two models. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 16/20054-6 - Methodological and statistics developments and evaluation in the collection and analysis of dietary data to obtain accurate measurements in epidemiological studies
• Grantee: Dirce Maria Lobo Marchioni
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants
• FAPESP's process: 18/24069-3 - ReSEARCH: Recognizing Signatures of the Exposome to Anticipate the Risks for a Continuous Health
• Grantee: Fernando Barbosa Júnior
• Support Opportunities: Research Projects - Thematic Grants
• FAPESP's process: 14/50867-3 - INCT 2014: National Institute of Science and Technology in Bioanalysis
• Grantee: Marco Aurelio Zezzi Arruda
• Support Opportunities: Research Projects - Thematic Grants
• FAPESP's process: 22/11207-4 - Preparation and Management of Database
• Grantee: Erik Sobrinho Braga
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Technical Training Program - Technical Training
• FAPESP's process: 23/02691-2 - Protein exosites, cryptic sites and moonlighting: identification, functional mapping and structural alteration effects
• Grantee: Folorunsho Bright Omage
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Post-Doctoral