What is the best treatment to decrease pro-inflammatory cytokine release in acute skeletal muscle injury induced by trauma in rats: low-level laser therapy, diclofenac, or cryotherapy?

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de Almeida, Patricia ; Tomazoni, Shaiane Silva ; Frigo, Lucio ; Camillo de Carvalho, Paulo de Tarso ; Vanin, Adriane Aver ; Santos, Larissa Aline ; Albuquerque-Pontes, Gianna Moes ; De Marchi, Thiago ; Tairova, Olga ; Marcos, Rodrigo Labat ; Brandao Lopes-Martins, Rodrigo Alvaro ; Pinto Leal-Junior, Ernesto Cesar

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: Lasers in Medical Science; v. 29, n. 2, p. 6-pg., 2014-03-01.

Abstract

Currently, treatment of muscle injuries represents a challenge in clinical practice. In acute phase, the most employed therapies are cryotherapy and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In the last years, low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has becoming a promising therapeutic agent; however, its effects are not fully known. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of sodium diclofenac (topical application), cryotherapy, and LLLT on pro-inflammatory cytokine levels after a controlled model of muscle injury. For such, we performed a single trauma in tibialis anterior muscle of rats. After 1 h, animals were treated with sodium diclofenac (11.6 mg/g of solution), cryotherapy (20 min), or LLLT (904 nm; superpulsed; 700 Hz; 60 mW mean output power; 1.67 W/cm(2); 1, 3, 6 or 9 J; 17, 50, 100 or 150 s). Assessment of interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-6 (IL-1 beta and IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels was performed at 6 h after trauma employing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. LLLT with 1 J dose significantly decreased (p < 0.05) IL-1 beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha levels compared to non-treated injured group as well as diclofenac and cryotherapy groups. On the other hand, treatment with diclofenac and cryotherapy does not decrease pro-inflammatory cytokine levels compared to the non-treated injured group. Therefore, we can conclude that 904 nm LLLT with 1 J dose has better effects than topical application of diclofenac or cryotherapy in acute inflammatory phase after muscle trauma. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 10/52404-0 - Low-level laser therapy in skeletal muscle fatigue and post-exercise recovery: Optimal parameters and effects in long-duration exercise
• Grantee: Ernesto Cesar Pinto Leal Junior
• Support Opportunities: Research Grants - Young Investigators Grants
• FAPESP's process: 12/06832-5 - Low-level laser therapy and topical sodium diclofenac in contusion-induced skeletal muscle injury in rats
• Grantee: Lúcio Frigo
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants