Effects of exposure to cigarette smoke prior to pregnancy in diabetic rats

Author(s)

Damasceno, Debora C. ^[1] ; Sinzato, Yuri K. ^[1] ; Lima, Paula H. ^[1] ; de Souza, Maricelma S. ^{[1, 2]} ; Campos, Kleber E. ^{[1, 3]} ; Dallaqua, Bruna ^[1] ; Calderon, Iracema M. ^[1] ; Rudge, Marilza V. ^[1] ; Volpato, Gustavo T. ^{[1, 3]}

Affiliation

^[1] UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu Med Sch, Dept Gynecol & Obstet, Lab Expt Res Gynecol & Obstet, Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[2] Univ Marilia UNIMAR, Dept Pharmacol, Marilia, SP - Brazil

^[3] Mato Grosso Fed Univ UFMT, Univ Ctr Araguaia, Inst Biol & Hlth Sci, Cuiaba, Mato Grosso - Brazil

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: DIABETOLOGY & METABOLIC SYNDROME; v. 3, AUG 18 2011.
• Web of Science Citations: 10

Abstract

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of cigarette smoke exposure before pregnancy on diabetic rats and their offspring development. Methods: Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin and cigarette smoke exposure was conducted by mainstream smoke generated by a mechanical smoking device and delivered into a chamber. Diabetic female Wistar rats were randomly distributed in four experimental groups (n minimum = 13/group): nondiabetic (ND) and diabetic rats exposed to filtered air (D), diabetic rats exposed to cigarette smoke prior to and into the pregnancy period (DS) and diabetic rats exposed to cigarette smoke prior to pregnancy period (DSPP). At day 21 of pregnancy, rats were killed for maternal biochemical determination and reproductive outcomes. Results: The association of diabetes and cigarette smoke in DSPP group caused altered glycemia at term, reduced number of implantation and live fetuses, decreased litter and maternal weight, increased pre and postimplantation loss rates, reduced triglyceride and VLDL-c concentrations, increased levels of thiol groups and MDA. Besides, these dams presented increased SOD and GSH-Px activities. However, the increased antioxidant status was not sufficient to prevent the lipid peroxidation observed in these animals. Conclusion: Despite the benefits stemming from smoking interruption during the pregnancy of diabetic rats, such improvement was insufficient to avoid metabolic alterations and provide an adequate intrauterine environment for embryofetal development. Therefore, these results suggest that it is necessary to cease smoking extensive time before planning pregnancy, since stopping smoking only when pregnancy is detected may not contribute effectively to fully adequate embryofetal development. (AU)