Microbial Enzymes for Biomass Conversion

Author(s)

Contato, Alex Graca ; Pasin, Thiago Machado ; Polizeli, Maria de Lourdes Teixeira de Moraes

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: ANNUAL REVIEW OF MICROBIOLOGY; v. 79, n. 1, p. 21-pg., 2025-10-23.

Abstract

Plant biomass has emerged as a cornerstone of the global bioenergy landscape because of its abundance and cost-effectiveness. The cell wall of plant biomass is an intricate network of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicellulose by holoenzymes converts these polymers into monosaccharides and paves the way for the production of bioethanol and other bio-based products. This enzymatic and fermentative process is crucial for the sustainable use of agro-industrial residues as renewable energy sources, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. This review explores critical aspects of lignocellulolytic enzyme systems, all of which derive from microorganisms. Furthermore, it underscores the advantages of microbial sources and their potential for enhancing enzyme properties through genetic engineering and enzyme immobilization. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 21/07066-3 - Molecular studies of a Trichoderma longibrachiatum xyloglucanase: cloning, heterologous expression, purification and characterization
• Grantee: Alex Graça Contato
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships abroad - Research Internship - Doctorate
• FAPESP's process: 18/07522-6 - Development of eco-friendly technologies for the hydrolysis of biomass and residues of cellulose pulp and paper industry
• Grantee: Maria de Lourdes Teixeira de Moraes Polizeli
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants
• FAPESP's process: 17/25862-6 - Structural studies and functional properties of xyloglucanases and lichenases: applications on hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass
• Grantee: Alex Graça Contato
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate
• FAPESP's process: 23/01547-5 - Formulation of tailor-made enzymatic consortiums for the degradation of the cell wall of sugarcane varieties
• Grantee: Maria de Lourdes Teixeira de Moraes Polizeli
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants
• FAPESP's process: 14/50884-5 - INCT 2014: National Institute of Science and Technology of Bioethanol
• Grantee: Marcos Silveira Buckeridge
• Support Opportunities: Research Projects - Thematic Grants