Resumo
This project aims to optimize the purification processes used in the production of biofuels and to enhance the added value of byproducts generated during such processes. In the case of bioethanol, the distillation process will be investigated taking into account minor components relevant for product quality, according to standards fixed by the legislation for biofuels and the requirements of the raw materials for the chemical, pharmaceutical, cosmetics and food industries. The configurations of distillation columns currently in use in sugar mills will be investigated by experimental means in the industrial units and by process simulation. A comprehensive investigation of the phase equilibrium of wine will be carried out, taking into account a complete set of minor components. New and innovative configurations for distillation columns will be proposed, aiming at better product quality, equipment flexibility, higher ethanol recovery, lower energy consumption and better byproduct quality. Such configurations will be further tested for concentrating the bioethanol obtained from wine with a high alcohol content and from cellulosic residues. In the case of ethylic biodiesel, a comprehensive investigation of the different types of phase equilibrium occurring throughout the whole production process will be carried out. The use of ethylic alcohol as a solvent for extracting vegetable oils from seeds and grains, and for deacidifying crude oils by liquid-liquid extraction, as well as its use as a reactant in biodiesel production will be studied, with the purpose of integrating biodiesel and bioethanol productions. The optimization of the whole production process, including the oil extraction and deacidification, biodiesel reaction and purification, will be performed by simulation. In the case of biocompounds, strategies for enhancing the value of byproducts generated during the production of biofuels will be investigated. For instance, the fractionation of higher alcohols generated as a sidestream during the distillation of bioethanol, the use of glycerol in the production of surfactants and emulsifiers, the recovery of nutraceuticals from edible oils, and the formulation and fractionation of fatty mixtures based on solid-liquid equilibrium data. (AU)
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