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Susceptibility of the Elderly to SARS-CoV-2 Infection: ACE-2 Overexpression, Shedding, and Antibody-dependent Enhancement (ADE)

Texto completo
Autor(es):
Jean Pierre Schatzmann Peron ; Helder Nakaya [2]
Número total de Autores: 2
Tipo de documento: Artigo Científico
Fonte: Clinics; v. 75, 2020-05-15.
Resumo

The world is currently facing a serious SARS-CoV-2 infection pandemic. </mac_aq>This virus is a new isolate of coronavirus, and the current infection crisis has surpassed the SARS and MERS epidemics</mac_aq> that occurred in 2002 and 2013, respectively. SARS-CoV-2 has currently infected more than 142,000 people, causing </mac_aq>5,000 deaths and spreading across more than 130 </mac_aq>countries worldwide. The spreading capacity of the virus clearly demonstrates the potential threat </mac_aq>of respiratory viruses to human health, thereby reiterating to the governments around the world that preventive </mac_aq>health policies and scientific research are pivotal to overcoming the crisis. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) causes flu-like symptoms in most cases. However, approximately 15% of the patients need hospitalization, and 5% require assisted ventilation, depending on the cohorts studied. What is intriguing, however, is the higher susceptibility of the elderly, especially individuals who are older than 60 years of age, and have comorbidities, including hypertension, diabetes, and heart disease. In fact, the death rate in this group may be up to 10-12%. Interestingly, children are somehow less susceptible and are not considered as a risk group. Therefore, in this review, we discuss some possible molecular and cellular mechanisms by virtue of which the elderly subjects may be more susceptible to severe COVID-19. Toward this, we raise two main </mac_aq>points, i) increased ACE-2 expression in pulmonary and heart tissues in users of chronic angiotensin 1 </mac_aq>receptor (AT1R) blockers; and ii) antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) after previous exposure to other circulating coronaviruses. We believe that these points are pivotal for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19, and must be carefully addressed by physicians and scientists in the field. (AU)

Processo FAPESP: 13/08216-2 - CPDI - Centro de Pesquisa em Doenças Inflamatórias
Beneficiário:Fernando de Queiroz Cunha
Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Centros de Pesquisa, Inovação e Difusão - CEPIDs
Processo FAPESP: 18/14933-2 - Biologia integrativa aplicada à saúde humana
Beneficiário:Helder Takashi Imoto Nakaya
Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Jovens Pesquisadores - Fase 2
Processo FAPESP: 18/21934-5 - Estatística de redes: teoria, métodos e aplicações
Beneficiário:André Fujita
Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Temático
Processo FAPESP: 12/19278-6 - Biologia de sistemas de longos RNAs não-codificadores
Beneficiário:Helder Takashi Imoto Nakaya
Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Jovens Pesquisadores
Processo FAPESP: 17/26170-0 - Neuroimunobiologia em modelo experimental de Encefalomielite Autoimune e Síndrome Congênita do Zika Vírus: fisiopatogenia, susceptibilidade, terapia celular, vacinação
Beneficiário:Carolina Demarchi Munhoz
Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Temático
Processo FAPESP: 17/50137-3 - Long noncoding RNA interplay with the host microbiome may determine mucosal influenza vaccine immunogenicity
Beneficiário:Helder Takashi Imoto Nakaya
Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Regular
Processo FAPESP: 17/22504-1 - O papel dos receptores TAM e seus ligantes, Gas6 e Pros1, na Síndrome Congênita do Zika Vírus Experimental
Beneficiário:Jean Pierre Schatzmann Peron
Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Regular