Abstract
Earth's magnetic field (EMF) of internal origin varies on different timescales, from years to billions of years. Integrated analysis of paleodirection and paleointensity data for the last 10 Ma reveal non-dipole field features are similar to those observed in datasets and field models from centuries to millennia timescales. The main non-dipole feature is the South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly (SAA), which is characterized by the lowest total field intensities and responsible for important Space Weather phenomena. However, the structure of the EMF is largely limited by the quality and spatiotemporal distributions of the archeomagnetic and paleomagnetic data. The scarcity of these data is quite remarkable at low and high latitudes, especially in the southern hemisphere, and strongly implies the construction of archeomagnetic and paleomagnetic field models. The main objective of this project is to reconstruct the EMF variations in South America for the 0-10 Ma time interval, based on a careful selection of archeomagnetic and paleomagnetic data and analysis of field models. This set of data and analysis will allow identifying and tracking the SAA evolution, addressing a fundamental question about the geometry and longevity of SAA from millennia to millions of years timescales. We will accomplish by the following: (i) acquire new high quality archeomagnetic data for the historical and prehistorical periods from different targets in Brazil and Peru; (ii) determine the direction and intensity in volcanic rocks from Argentina, Ecuador and Trindade Island (Brazil); (iii) integrate the new archeomagnetic data into the available global models and develop a new regional model for South America; (iv) build a paleosecular variation model based on the new data and the available global database. This approach will allow us to significantly understand the SAA evolution, as well as contribute with new information to geodynamo models. Furthermore, this proposal will offer a unique opportunity for teaching-research integration, aiming at the training of high-level qualified human resources in Earth Sciences. Undergraduate and graduate students will have the opportunity to participate in sample selection, fieldwork and laboratory experiments, promoting interdisciplinary skills and experience exchanges with Brazilian and abroad researchers. (AU)
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