Abstract
The obesity worldwide pandemic shows the need to investigate the factors involved in the early onset of the disease, still in uterus. This original population-based prospective cohort study aims to assess the nutritional status, body composition and metabolic factors of women in the 3 trimesters of pregnancy and relate to the fatness of their fetus, newborn and infant in the first year of life. The inflammatory/immunologic status of the women will be investigated in a sub-sample, by an innovative ex-vivo approach, as well as gene expression. Two thousand (2000) women with less or equal 12 weeks of gestational age attending antenatal care at 31 Health Care Units in Araraquara, SP, will be followed in the 3 trimesters of pregnancy until delivery. Later, their children will be seen every 3 months up to 1 year of age. Maternal nutritional status and adiposity will be investigated respectively, by BMI and segmented bioelectrical impedance, validated by stable isotope analysis. To assess the body composition of the fetus, newborn and infant with 1 year of age, the following methods will be used, respectively: ultrasound, plethysmography and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Hematological, glycemic, lipid and inflammatory/immune profiles will be evaluated by blood count, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol/ fractions, triglycerides, apo-A1, apo-B, hsCRP, and cytokines in maternal blood, umbilical cord blood and/or child's blood. Gene expression will be determined by micro-array. The impact of the maternal factors investigated on adiposity of the fetus, newborn and child will be assessed by multiple linear regression and by new methods for analysis of longitudinal data and multivariate modeling. (AU)
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