Effect of chitosan dispersion and microparticles on Streptococcus mutans planktonic cells and biofilm

Author(s)

Erika Reiko Hashimoto Kawakita

• Document type: Master's Dissertation
• Press: Ribeirão Preto.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto (PCARP/BC)
• Defense date: 2017-07-20

Examining board members

Carolina Patricia Aires Garbellini; Niege Araçari Jacometti Cardoso Furtado; Vinicius Pedrazzi; Antonio Pedro Ricomini Filho

• Advisor: Carolina Patricia Aires Garbellini

Abstract

Chitosan is a natural product with antimicrobial property not fully elucidated, especially on cariogenic biofilms. Furthermore, the physical form of chitosan is suggested to influence its biological effects. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of chitosan in the form of dispersion and microparticles against Streptococcus mutans planktonic cells and biofilms. Chitosan medium molecular weight dispersions (0.25 % and 1 %) were prepared in 0.1 M acetic acid and partially characterized by its texture profile (consistency, cohesiveness and adhesiveness) at 25 °C and 37 °C. Microparticles were prepared by spray drying 2 % dispersion and partially characterized by particle size, zeta potential, external morphology and moisture content. Antimicrobial activity of both forms was evaluated on planktonic cells by the determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Then, activity of both forms was evaluated on S. mutans biofilms grown for 5 days, formed on glass slides and exposed to sucrose 8x/day. On the third day of formation, biofilms were exposed for 1 min to 0.25 % and 1 % chitosan dispersions or microparticles suspension (n=4). Chlorhexidine and saline solution were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Ethanol solution in phosphate buffer was used as vehicle control in microparticles assay. Biofilm cellular viability and acidogenicity were determined. After statistical analysis, results showed that dispersion texture was not influenced by temperature; cohesiveness and adhesiveness were directly proportional to concentration. Microparticles were spherical, with narrow size distribution and high positive zeta potential. On the antimicrobial activity evaluation, dispersion and microparticles MICs were 0.00052 % and 0.00131 %, respectively. MBC values were equal to MIC for both forms. Chitosan dispersion had lower effect on biofilm acidogenicity compared to microparticles, especially at 1 % concentration. Dispersion treatment reduced biofilm viability in concentration- dependent form. Microparticles at 0.25 % did not have antimicrobial action; in contrast to microparticles at 1 %, viability decreased more than the dispersion at same concentration. Despite both forms having effect on S. mutans planktonic cells and biofilms, results suggest that 1 % microparticles could significantly change cariogenic biofilm cellular viability and acidogenicity, so it could be considered for future applications in Dentistry (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 15/04363-6 - Gel and microparticles of chitosan for buccal biofilm control
• Grantee: Erika Reiko Hashimoto Kawakita
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Master