Relações filogenéticas e padrões de distribuição biogeográfica dos clados Yphthimoides Forster, 1964 e Pharneuptychia Forster, 1964 (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)

Author(s)

Eduardo Proença Barbosa

• Document type: Doctoral Thesis
• Press: Campinas, SP.
• Institution: Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Instituto de Biologia
• Defense date: 0000-00-00

Examining board members

André Victor Lucci Freitas; Sérgio Furtado dos Reis; Karina Lucas Silva Brandão; Ronaldo Bastos Francini; Fernando Maia Silva Dias

• Advisor: André Victor Lucci Freitas

Abstract

The high diversity of Satyrinae, a group containing approximately 2500 species, can be responsible for the uncertainty and taxonomic difficulty in the group's classification, which is one of the lesser known butterfly groups, mainly in the Neotropical realm. This difficulty could be also due to the low phylogenetic and biogeographic knowledge of this group in the region. Among the Satyrinae groups that present some issues regarding this areas of knowledge it could be highlighted the subtribe Euptychiina, a particular group with several not well defined genera (para- and polyphyletic) and that just now begins to be better understood. According to previous phylogenetic analysis using molecular data, the genus Yphthimoides appears as monophyletic, although just a few species representing the genus had been used in the analysis. Another Euptychiina genus, Pharneuptychia, appears in preliminary phylogenetic analysis as been non-monophyletic, with several species appearing close to species of Moneuptychia and Euptychoides castrensis. So based on these information it is imperative to use the as many species of those genera as possible to generate a highly supported phylogenetic hypothesis to try and trace the evolutive and biogeographic history of these taxa in the Neotropical Realm, as well as try to understand the likely processes leading to the actual distribution pattern of Yphthimoides and the species of the Pharneuptychia clade in South America. This scenario reports directly to the two main objetives of this thesis, which are: 1) The acquisition of a robust phylogeny to the genera Yphthimoides and Pharneuptychia based on molecular data and 2) based on these phylogenies, to map the morphological characters and trace the biogeographic history of both genera so we can begin to understand the distribution patterns of these groups in the different geographic units of the Neotropical realm. The results show that Yphthimoides as currently conceived is not monophyletic and some of the species should be reassigned somewhere else. Euptychoides castrensis appeared as a complex of cryptic species being part of the Moneuptychia genus, which is sister to Pharneuptychia genus. The current geographical distribution of Yphthimoides could be explained mostly by dispersal events throughout the Neotropics (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 12/03750-8 - Phylogenetic relationships and biogeographic distribution patterns of the clades Yphthimoides Forster, 1964 and Pharneuptychia Forster, 1964 (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)
• Grantee: Eduardo de Proença Barbosa
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate