Longitudinal impact of athletics on bone health, metabolism and inflammation in adolescents: ABCD-growth study

Author(s)

Yuri da Silva Ventura Faustino da Silva

• Document type: Master's Dissertation
• Press: Presidente Prudente. 2022-04-18.
• Institution: Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp). Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia. Presidente Prudente
• Defense date: 2020-12-11
• Advisor: Rômulo Araújo Fernandes

Abstract

Introduction: The literature has sought to understand the effects of sports on health components, especially in pediatric populations, with the aim of reducing the risks of developing chronic diseases in adulthood. Impact sports seem to provide benefits to bone health, while sports with aerobic characteristics seem to provide adaptations to the metabolic and inflammatory profile. However, some modalities, such as athletics, despite apparently covering necessary needs to promote bone health (jumping, running, rapid changes of direction, in addition to exposure to the sun) and metabolic (aerobic and anaerobic energy pathways, the literature is still scarce information on the effect of the modality on adolescent health. Objective: To analyze the effect of athletics on bone health, metabolic and inflammatory profile of adolescents of both sexes during a 12-month follow-up period. Methods: This project, with a longitudinal observational design, followed adolescents for 12 months (baseline [0] and 12 months [i]), being conducted in the city of Presidente Prudente - SP. The sample consisted of 32 adolescents between 11 and 18 years old, divided into two distinct groups: I) Control (adolescents who do not practice systematic sports) and II) Athletics group (adolescents who practice athletics for at least 6 months). Dismissed foramen for study outcomes: I) Dependent Variable: Bone health (bone mineral density, mineral content and osteocalcin) analyzed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA); Metabolic variables (triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR and CRP); II) Independent Variable: Training Load Volume; III) Confusion variable: i- age, ii- sex, iii - somatic maturation, iv- fat mass, v- soft and lean tissue. Descriptive statistics was performed, comparative analysis between groups without baseline and follow-up (average of the difference between baseline and follow-up) was performed using a generalized evaluated equation model adjusted by covariates. Pearson's correlation model and Multiple Linear Regression were used for association analyzes. Adopting statistical significance of p <0.05 and all analyzes were performed using SPSS version 25. Results: After 12 months of follow-up, adolescents practicing dissipated athletics greater gains in BMD lower limbs and total headless (mean difference 0, 0743 and 0.0809, respectively) when adjusted by Δ fat mass of the lower limbs. And mean difference of 0.0791 and 0.1355, respectively when adjusted by Δ lean and soft tissue of the lower limbs. On the other hand, as variables of metabolic and inflammatory non-condensed difference when adjusted by Δ total fat mass. Finally, the practice of athletics added to the levels of concentration of osteocalcin, explained 39% of BMD gains in the lower limbs. Conclusion: At the conclusion of this project, adolescents practicing of athletics higher bone mineral density of their legs and total body compared to their control peers after 12 months of follow-up. However, it was not able to affect the inflammatory and metabolic profile. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 18/09230-2 - Longitudinal impact of athletic practice on bone health, metabolism and inflammation of adolescents: ABCD-GROWTH study
• Grantee: Yuri da Silva Ventura Faustino da Silva
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Master