Evaluation of a water-soluble curcumin formulation against toxicity induced by antineoplasic drug cisplatin: the possible protective effects in vitro and in vivo, and modulation of Tp53 gene expression

Author(s)

Leonardo Meneghin Mendonça

• Document type: Doctoral Thesis
• Press: Ribeirão Preto.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto (PCARP/BC)
• Defense date: 2012-11-30

Examining board members

Lusania Maria Greggi Antunes; Ilce Mara de Syllos Colus; Isarita Martins; Denise Crispim Tavares

• Advisor: Lusania Maria Greggi Antunes

Abstract

Curcumin is a yellow pigment derived from the rhizome of Curcuma longa Linn. Its pharmacological effects include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. Although curcumin possesses great therapeutic potential, its low oral bioavailability limits therapeutic application. Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic drug with activity against a wide variety of tumors; however, it has notorious side effects. Its main mechanism of action in tumor cells involves direct interaction with DNA and formation of crosslinks, leading the cells to a cycle arrest and apoptosis through activation of p53. This study\'s aim was to evaluate the protective effects of watersoluble curcumin, which was formulated in a solid dispersion consisting of curcumin/gelucire®50-13/aerosil® (curcumin DS), on the cytotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and genotoxicity of cisplatin in vitro and in vivo beyond its possible interference in the antitumor efficacy of cisplatin in vitro. In vitro studies were performed on the model of neurotoxicity in PC12 cells and in HepG2 tumor cells derived from a human hepatocarcinoma. The in vivo experiments were performed on Wistar rats, comparing gastrointestinal absorption and the effects of curcumin DS and standard curcumin. In the in vitro studies, curcumin DS reduced neurotoxicity of cisplatin in the neurite outgrowth assay. Tp53 gene expression in PC12 cells was not modulated by curcumin DS. In the tumor cell line HepG2, curcumin DS did not reduce the cytotoxicity of cisplatin. Results of in vivo experiments showed that curcumin DS and standard curcumin significantly reduced micronucleus formation induced by cisplatin in bone marrow. However, on the comet assay, it did not affect the formation of crosslinks induced by cisplatin on renal tissue. Curcumin DS and standard curcumin did not modulate oxidative stress or the expression of the Tp53 gene in renal tissue. Our results suggest that curcumin DS does not compromise the antitumor activity of cisplatin, since curcumin did not reduced the cytotoxicity of cisplatin in HepG2 cells nor Tp53 gene expression in PC12 cells or in renal tissue. Furthermore, the results of the comet assay suggest that curcumin did not reduce the formation of platinum-DNA crosslinks, the major mechanism of cisplatin cytotoxicity. The formulation of curcumin in solid dispersion significantly increased its bioavailability and did not reduced its antimutagenic effect compared to standard curcumin. The protective effects of curcumin DS, such as reducing neurotoxicity and mutagenicity induced by cisplatin, could provide benefits to chemotherapy, including more effective therapy and improved quality of life. The findings suggest that the protective effects of curcumin could be selective to healthy cells without compromising the effects of cisplatin in tumor cells. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 08/10482-4 - Evaluation of a water soluble Curcumin preparation against toxicity induced by antineoplásic drug cisplatin: possible protective effects in vitro and in vivo, and identify changes in Tp53 gene expression
• Grantee: Leonardo Meneghin Mendonça
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate