Abstract
In São Paulo, since the first autochthonous case of Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) in 1998, the disease has spread in a spatial pattern related to highways, railways, and the movement of people in urban areas. By 2022, autochthonous human VL had been reported in 119 municipalities in São Paulo, canine VL in 187, and the vector, Lutzomyia longipalpis, in 209. Regarding the agent of human and …