In Vitro and in Vivo Studies of Novel Poly(D,L-lactic acid), Superhydrophilic Carbon Nanotubes, and Nanohydroxyapatite Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration

Author(s)

Siqueira, Idalia A. W. B. ^[1] ; Corat, Marcus Alexandre F. ^[2] ; Cavalcanti, Bruno das Neves ^[3] ; Ribeiro Neto, Wilson Alves ^[4] ; Martin, Airton Abrahao ^[5] ; Suman Bretas, Rosario Elida ^[4] ; Marciano, Fernanda Roberta ^[1] ; Lobo, Anderson Oliveira ^[1]

Affiliation

^[1] Univ Vale Paraiba UNIVAP, Inst Res & Dev IP&D 2, Lab Biomed Nanotechnol NANOBIO, BR-12244000 Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[2] Univ Estadual Campinas, Multidisciplinary Ctr Biol Invest, Lab Anim Sci CEMLB, BR-13083970 Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[3] Univ Michigan, Dept Cariol Restorat Sci & Endodont, Sch Dent, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 - USA

^[4] Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Dept Mat Engn, BR-13565905 Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[5] Univ Vale Paraiba UNIVAP, Inst Res & Dev IP&D 2, Lab Biomed Vibrat Spect, BR-12244000 Sao Paulo - Brazil

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES; v. 7, n. 18, p. 9385-9398, MAY 13 2015.
• Web of Science Citations: 29

Abstract

Poly(D,L-lactide acid, PDLLA) has been researched for scaffolds in bone regeneration. However, its hydrophobocity and smooth surface impedes its interaction with biological fluid and cell adhesion. To alter the surface characteristics, different surface Modification techniques have been developed to facilitate biological application. The present study compared two different routes to produce PDLLA/superhydrophilic vertically aligned carbon nanotubes:nanohydroxyapatite (PDLLA/VACNT-O:nHAp) scaffolds. For this, we used electrodeposition and immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF). Characterization by goniometry, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy confirmed the polymer modifications, the in vitro bioactivity, and biomineralization. Differential sunning calorimetry and thermal gravimetric analyses showed that the inclusion of VACNT-O:nHA probably acts as a nucleating agent increasing the crystallization rate in the neat PDLLA without structural alteration. Our results showed the formation of a dense nHAp layer on all scaffolds after 14 days of immersion in SBF solution; the most intense carbonated nHAp peaks observed in the PDLLA/VACNT-O:nHAp samples suggest higher calcium precipitation compared to the PDLLA control. Both cell viability and alkaline phosphatase assays showed favorable results, because no cytotoxic effects were present and all produced scaffolds were able to induce detectable mineralization. Bone defects were used to evaluate the bone regeneration; the confocal Raman and histological results confirmed high potential for bone applications: In vivo study showed that the PDLLA/VACNT-O:nHAp scaffolds mimicked the immature bone and induced bone remodeling: These findings indicate surface improvement and the applicability of this new nanobiomaterial for hone regenerative medicine. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 11/20345-7 - Study of nanoparticle-incorporated diamond-like carbon films for biomedical applications
• Grantee: Fernanda Roberta Marciano
• Support Opportunities: Research Grants - Young Investigators Grants
• FAPESP's process: 12/02159-4 - In vitro analysis of the biomineralization and cell proliferation on nanohydroxyapatite/vertically aligned carbon nanotube scaffolds
• Grantee: Tayra Rodrigues Brazil
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Scientific Initiation
• FAPESP's process: 11/17877-7 - Development of new polymeric scaffolds by electrospinning technique with incorporation of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes and nanohidroxyapatite for bone tissue regeneration
• Grantee: Anderson de Oliveira Lobo
• Support Opportunities: Research Grants - Young Investigators Grants