Occurrence and risk assessment of an azo dye - The case of Disperse Red 1

Author(s):Show less -

Vacchi, Francine Inforcato ^{[1, 2]} ; Von der Ohe, Peter Carsten ^[3] ; de Albuquerque, Anjaina Fernandes ^[2] ; de Souza Vendemiatti, Josiane Aparecida ^[2] ; Jesus Azevedo, Carina Cristina ^[2] ; Honorio, Jaqueline Goncalves ^[2] ; da Silva, Bianca Ferreira ^[4] ; Boldrin Zanoni, Maria Valnice ^[4] ; Henry, Theodore B. ^[5] ; Nogueira, Antonio J. ^{[6, 7]} ; Umbuzeiro, Gisela de Aragado ^{[1, 2]}

Affiliation

^[1] Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[2] Univ Estadual Campinas, UNICAMP, Sch Technol, Limeira, SP - Brazil

^[3] Amalex Environm Solut, Leipzig - Germany

^[4] State Univ Sao Paulo UNESP, Inst Chem, Araraquara, SP - Brazil

^[5] Heriot Watt Univ, Sch Life Sci, Edinburgh, Midlothian - Scotland

^[6] Univ Aveiro, Dept Biol, P-3800 Aveiro - Portugal

^[7] Univ Aveiro, CESAM, P-3800 Aveiro - Portugal

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: Chemosphere; v. 156, p. 95-100, AUG 2016.
• Web of Science Citations: 12

Abstract

Water quality criteria to protect aquatic life are not available for most disperse dyes which are often used as commercial mixtures in textile coloration. In this study, the acute and chronic toxicity of the commercial dye Disperse Red 1 (DR1) to eight aquatic organisms from four trophic levels was evaluated. A safety threshold, i.e. Predicted No-Effect Concentration (PNEC), was derived based on the toxicity information of the commercial product and the purified dye. This approach was possible because the toxicity of DR1 was accounting for most of the toxicity of the commercial mixture. A long-term PNEC of 60 ng L-1 was proposed, based on the most sensitive chronic endpoint for Daphnia similis. A short-term PNEC of 1800 ng L-1 was proposed based on the most sensitive acute endpoint also for Daphnia similis. Both key studies have been evaluated with the new ``Criteria for Reporting and Evaluating ecotoxicity Data{''} (CRED) methodology, applying more objective criteria to assess the quality of toxicity tests, resulting in two reliable and relevant endpoints with only minor restrictions. HPLC-MS/MS was used to quantify the occurrence of DR1 in river waters of three sites, influenced by textile industry discharges, resulting in a concentration range of 50-500 ng L-1. The risk quotients for DR1 obtained in this work suggest that this dye can pose a potential risk to freshwater biota. To reduce uncertainty of the derived PNEC, a fish partial or full lifecycle study should be performed. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 12/13344-7 - Occurrence, genotoxicity and ecotoxicological risk of dyes in the aquatic environment.
• Grantee: Francine Inforçato Vacchi
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate
• FAPESP's process: 09/12739-5 - Eco/genotoxicity of commercial dye CI Disperse Red 1 and chlorinated byproducts.
• Grantee: Francine Inforçato Vacchi
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Master
• FAPESP's process: 08/10449-7 - Assessment of occurrence, toxicity/genotoxicity and degradation processes of dyes in effluents and surface water
• Grantee: Maria Valnice Boldrin
• Support Opportunities: Research Projects - Thematic Grants
• FAPESP's process: 14/13157-8 - Mathematical modeling of the effects of environmental contaminants, observed individually and in mixtures: application to the assessment of mutagenic potential of environmental contaminants using the assay Salmonella/microssome
• Grantee: Gisela de Aragão Umbuzeiro
• Support Opportunities: Research Grants - Visiting Researcher Grant - International