Greater expression of postprandial inflammatory genes in humans after intervention with saturated when compared to unsaturated fatty acids

Author(s)

Monfort-Pires, Milena ^[1] ; Crisma, Amanda Rabello ^[2] ; Bordin, Silvana ^[2] ; Ferreira, Sandra Roberta G. ^[3]

Affiliation

^[1] Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[2] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biomed Sci, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[3] Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Saude Publ, Dept Epidemiol, Av Dr Arnaldo 715, BR-01246904 Sao Paulo, SP - Brazil

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION; v. 57, n. 8, p. 2887-2895, DEC 2018.
• Web of Science Citations: 3

Abstract

Introduction Inflammation plays a key role in the development of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. Fatty acids and fiber intake can selectively alter gene expression by modifying inflammation. Purpose We compared the postprandial expression of inflammatory genes after 2 distinct high-fat breakfast meals, before and after 1-month dietary interventions. Methods This crossover clinical trial included 18 individuals at low-to-moderate cardiometabolic risk participating in evaluations before and after two 4-week breakfast interventionsone rich in saturated fatty acids (SFA) and the other in unsaturated fatty acids (unSFA) and fiber. Participants underwent meal tests with similar compositions to the breakfasts. Variables were compared by Student t test. The expression of inflammatory genes in leukocytes was analyzed using RT-PCR. Results Before and after the intervention with the SFA-enriched breakfast, this meal test induced a higher relative postprandial IL-1 beta expression compared to the responses to the unSFA and fiber-enriched meal (p = 0.02). On the other hand, following the intervention with the unSFA-fiber-enriched breakfast, postprandial IL-6 expression showed a reduction tendency comparing to the pre-intervention value (p = 0.08). Although fasting IL-1 beta, IL-6, MCP-1 and IFN-gamma expressions had not changed after interventions, their circulating levels increased after the SFA-enriched meal test but not after the unSFA meal (p value between changes < 0.05). Conclusions Our findings indicated that a single SFA-enriched meal is able to acutely induce the IL-1 beta expression and regularly consumed could trigger systemic inflammation, while increased unSFA consumption could attenuate the inflammatory status. Further investigations are needed to deepen understanding how dietary fatty acids and fiber influence cardiometabolic risk profile by modulating inflammatory gene expression and circulating biomarkers. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 12/05503-8 - Does the "mediterranization" of a Brazilian meal induce cardiometabolic benefits?
• Grantee: Milena Monfort Pires
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate
• FAPESP's process: 12/05487-2 - Does the mediterranization of a Brazilian meal induce cardiometabolic benefits?
• Grantee: Sandra Roberta Gouvea Ferreira Vivolo
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants