Supplemental sources of w3 and w6: its effects on productive and reproductive efficiency in lactating cows and nutraceutical evaluation of milk using pigs as a model for applicability in humans

• Grant number: 15/19393-8
• Support type: Regular Research Grants
• Duration: October 01, 2016 - September 30, 2018
• Field of knowledge: Agronomical Sciences - Animal Husbandry - Animal Production
• Principal Investigator: Arlindo Saran Netto
• Grantee: Arlindo Saran Netto
• Home Institution: Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos (FZEA). Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Pirassununga , SP, Brazil
• Assoc. researchers: André Furugen Cesar de Andrade ; Ed Hoffmann Madureira ; Guilherme Pugliesi ; Larissa José Parazzi ; Lúcio Francelino Araújo ; Marcus Antonio Zanetti

Abstract

Supplementation with vegetable oils as a source of unsaturated fatty acids do not affect the productive performance and can positively influence the quality of milk. Milk production had intensive development periods in the world, especially with the advent of artificial insemination and the implementation of breeding programs of specialized breeds, which sought to increase production, peak maximizing milk production and minimizing the interval between deliveries. Since then, it seeks to provide quality food and review the levels of nutrients fed to the animals to decrease weight loss in early lactation, when consumption does not meet the animal's requirement and this comes into negative energy balance, mainly due to production up. One of the cow milk features is the large proportion of saturated fatty acids, and milk a food rich in many nutrients, and often related to cardiovascular diseases. One of the cow milk features is the large proportion of saturated fatty acids, and milk a food rich in many nutrients, and often related to cardiovascular diseases (CD) in humans, for its proportion of saturated fatty acids and the cholesterol content, which has led some medical professionals suggest the withdrawal of milk or supply of skim milk for people with predisposition to CD. However some studies have shown that the use of different sources of lipids in the diet of lactating cows can change the profile of fatty acids in milk. In studies conducted in Brazil, supplementation of diets of dairy cows with vegetable oils and grains rich in oil fatty acids (FA), It has proven effective in promoting positive changes in the AG profile of milk fat, making it more suitable and healthy for human consumption. Among the factors that influence the production and reproduction, nutrition has an admittedly important role by directly affect aspects of physiology and reproductive performance in cattle female. The main families of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PFA) affecting fertility are mostly omega-3 and omega-6. The cause of the observed association between supplementation with lipids and higher circulating concentrations of steroid hormones reported by several authors is not well defined. The lipid supplementation has a beneficial effect on the hair follicle, oocyte, embryo and uterus in dairy cows. The mechanism by which dietary fat or lipid provides improved production and oocyte and embryo quality seems to be related to the attenuation of negative energy balance and the depression in the synthesis of uterine prostaglandins. However the specific fatty acid or group of fatty acids that cause this improvement are not yet fully known. Given the importance of dairy farming to Brazil and milk to their relevance in the diet to human health, this study aims to evaluate the effects of linseed oil inclusion as a source of w3 and soybean oil as a source of omega-6 in the parameters productive and reproductive dairy cows, as well as verify that the milk increases in unsaturated fatty acid concentrations have benefits in parameters related to health and reproduction in humans, using pigs as an experimental model. (AU)