Contributions of the Melanopsin-Expressing Ganglion Cells, Cones, and Rods to the Pupillary Light Response in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Author(s)

Duque-Chica, Gloria L. ^{[1, 2]} ; Gracitelli, Carolina P. B. ^[3] ; Moura, Ana L. A. ^{[1, 3]} ; Nagy, Balazs V. ^{[4, 1]} ; Vidal, Kallene S. ^{[1, 5]} ; de Melo, Geraldine ^[3] ; Paranhos, Jr., Augusto ^[3] ; Cahali, Michel B. ^[6] ; Ventura, Dora F. ^[1]

Affiliation

^[1] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Psychol, Dept Expt Psychol, Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[2] Univ Medellin, Dept Psychol, Carrera 87, 30-65, Bloque 15-105, Medellin 055420 - Colombia

^[3] Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[4] Budapest Univ Technol & Econ, Dept Mechatron Opt & Engn Informat, Budapest - Hungary

^[5] Prevent Senior Inst, Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[6] Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Med, Hosp Clin, Dept Otolaryngol, Sao Paulo - Brazil

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE; v. 60, n. 8, p. 3002-3012, JUL 2019.
• Web of Science Citations: 0

Abstract

PURPOSE. To investigate the impact of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on the contribution of inner and outer retinal photoreceptors to the pupillary light response (PLR). METHODS. Ninety-three eyes from 27 patients with OSA and 25 healthy controls were tested. OSA severity was graded according to the apnea-hypopnea index. PLR was measured monocularly with an eye tracker in a Ganzfeld in response to 1-second blue (470 nm) and red (640 nm) flashes at -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, and 2.4 log cd/m(2). Peak pupil constriction amplitude, peak latency, and the postillumination pupil response were measured. The Cambridge Colour Test, standard automatic perimetry, spectral domain optical coherence tomography, polysomnography, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were used. RESULTS. OSA patients have a significantly decreased peak pupil constriction amplitude for blue stimuli at -3, -2, -1, 1 log cd/m(2) and at all red flash luminances (P < 0.050), revealing reduction of outer retina contributions to PLR. OSA patients showed reduced peak latency for blue (-2, 0, 2, 2.4 log cd/m(2)) and red stimuli (-2, 0 log cd/m(2); P < 0.040). No significant difference was found in the melanopsin-mediated PLR. CONCLUSIONS. This study is the first to evaluate the inner and outer retinal contributions to PLR in OSA patients. The results showed that the outer retinal photoreceptor contributions to PLR were affected in moderate and severe OSA patients. In contrast, the inner retina contributions to PLR are preserved. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 13/03553-0 - Study of the role of melanopsin through the pupillary light response in optic neuropathy and disturbed sleep
• Grantee: Gloria Liliana Duque Chica
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate
• FAPESP's process: 14/26818-2 - Development and implementation of visual evaluation methods: clinical applications and animal models
• Grantee: Dora Selma Fix Ventura
• Support Opportunities: Research Projects - Thematic Grants
• FAPESP's process: 08/58731-2 - Vision as a sensitive indicator of conditions threatening retinal and central nervous system function
• Grantee: Dora Selma Fix Ventura
• Support Opportunities: Research Projects - Thematic Grants