Life history and behavior effects of synthetic and natural dyes on Daphnia magna

Author(s)

Abe, Flavia R. ^{[1, 2, 3]} ; Machado, Ana L. ^{[1, 3]} ; Soares, Amadeu M. V. M. ^{[1, 3]} ; de Oliveira, Danielle P. ^[2] ; Pestana, Joao L. T. ^{[1, 3]}

Affiliation

^[1] Univ Aveiro, Ctr Environm & Marine Studies, P-3810193 Aveiro - Portugal

^[2] Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Pharmaceut Sci Ribeirao Preto, BR-14040903 Ribeirao Preto, SP - Brazil

^[3] Univ Aveiro, Dept Biol, P-3810193 Aveiro - Portugal

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: Chemosphere; v. 236, DEC 2019.
• Web of Science Citations: 1

Abstract

Azo dyes are the largest class of dyes extensively used by industries despite their mutagenic potential for humans. As such, natural dyes have been reemerging as an important alternative to human safety. However, limited studies have focused on the effect of dyes on the environment, thus their ecotoxico-logical investigation is imperative. Here, we aimed to evaluate toxic effects induced by the synthetic azo dye Basic Red 51 (BR51) in comparison with natural dye erythrostominone (Ery) in the microcrustacean Daphnia magna, a standard organism used to assess the risk of chemicals to aquatic organisms. The colorless product formed after the photodegradation of Ery (DEry) was also evaluated, addressing an easy and low cost alternative for industrial effluent treatments. The results showed that both dyes are acutely toxic to D. magna. BR51 and Ery reduced the intrinsic rate of D. magna population increase, which generated fewer neonates per brood. BR51 also increased daphnids respiration rates. In contrast, DEry did not alter any of the analyzed parameters. No locomotor changes were observed when daphnids were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of Ery or BR51. These results indicate that both dyes can induce deleterious consequences for daphnids including population level effects, but the natural dye Ery presents 100-fold lower toxicity in comparison with the azo dye BR51. Also, that photodegradation of Ery is an efficient method to reduce and prevent previously observed toxic effects, suggesting an inexpensive, fast and easy alternative for treatment of effluents containing this natural dye. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 13/01509-4 - Assessment of lethal, sublethal, teratogenic and genotoxic effects of textile dyes in zebrafish (Danio rerio) early developmental stages
• Grantee: Danielle Palma de Oliveira
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants
• FAPESP's process: 14/27009-0 - Toxicogenomic and biochemical approaches to toxicity assessment of natural and synthetic dyes to zebrafish
• Grantee: Flavia Renata Abe
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships abroad - Research Internship - Doctorate
• FAPESP's process: 13/14397-0 - Ecogenotoxicological evaluation of natural dye extracted from microorganism
• Grantee: Flavia Renata Abe
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate