Geographic variation of individual venom profile of Crotalus durissus snakes

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Leandro Norberto da Silva-Júnior ; Lara de Souza Abreu ^[2] ; Caroline Fabri Bittencourt Rodrigues ; Nathália da Costa Galizio ; Weslei da Silva Aguiar ; Caroline Serino-Silva ; Valdomiro Souza dos Santos ^[7] ; Isabella Alves Costa ^[8] ; Luis Vicente Franco Oliveira ^[9] ; Sávio Stefanini SantAnna ^[10] ; Kathleen Fernandes Grego ^[11] ; Anita Mitico Tanaka-Azevedo ^[12] ; Leandro Nascimento da Silva Rodrigues ^[13] ; Karen de Morais-Zani

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases; v. 26, 2020-08-26.

Abstract

Abstract Background: South American rattlesnakes are represented in Brazil by a single species, Crotalus durissus, which has public health importance due to the severity of its envenomation and to its wide geographical distribution. The species is subdivided into several subspecies, but the current classification is controversial. In Brazil, the venoms of C. d. terrificus and C. d. collilineatus are used for hyperimmunization of horses for antivenom production, even though the distinction of these two subspecies are mostly by their geographical distribution. In this context, we described a comparative compositional and functional characterization of individual C. d. collilineatus and C. d. terrificus venoms from three Brazilian states. Methods: We compared the compositional patterns of C. d. terrificus and C. d. collilineatus individual venoms by 1-DE and RP-HPLC. For functional analyzes, the enzymatic activities of PLA2, LAAO, and coagulant activity were evaluated. Finally, the immunorecognition of venom toxins by the crotalic antivenom produced at Butantan Institute was evaluated using Western blotting. Results: The protein profile of individual venoms from C. d. collilineatus and C. d. terrificus showed a comparable overall composition, despite some intraspecific variation, especially regarding crotamine and LAAO. Interestingly, HPLC analysis showed a geographic pattern concerning PLA2. In addition, a remarkable intraspecific variation was also observed in PLA2, LAAO and coagulant activities. The immunorecognition pattern of individual venoms from C. d. collilineatus and C. d. terrificus by crotalic antivenom produced at Butantan Institute was similar. Conclusions: The results highlighted the individual variability among the venoms of C. durissus ssp. specimens. Importantly, our data point to a geographical variation of C. durissus ssp. venom profile, regardless of the subspecies, as evidenced by PLA2 isoforms complexity, which may explain the increase in venom neurotoxicity from Northeastern through Southern Brazil reported for the species. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 18/25786-0 - Phospholipase A2 inhibitors (PLIs) present in venomous and non-venomous snake plasmas and evaluation of the neutralizing activity of these inhibitors on the phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activities of snake venoms
• Grantee: Anita Mitico Tanaka-Azevedo
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants
• FAPESP's process: 14/11108-0 - Comparative study of biomolecules composition of Bothrops jararaca and Crotalus durissus terrificus venom born and maintained at the Butantan Institute and newly arrived from nature
• Grantee: Karen de Morais Zani
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants
• FAPESP's process: 17/16908-2 - Proteomic characterization and enzymatic and pathophysiological activities of the venom of the snake species that compose the Bothrops neuwiedi group
• Grantee: Karen de Morais Zani
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants
• FAPESP's process: 17/01890-0 - Comparative study of Crotalus durissus terrificus snake venoms born in captivity in the Laboratory of Herpetology of Butantan Institute and the national crotalic reference venom
• Grantee: Anita Mitico Tanaka-Azevedo
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants
• FAPESP's process: 18/14724-4 - Proteomic and functional characterization of the venom of two species of snakes of the genus Bothrops submitted to diet change
• Grantee: Nathália da Costa Galizio
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Master
• FAPESP's process: 16/09976-9 - Comparison of venom from Bothrops jararaca snake maintained in captivity and newly arrived from nature
• Grantee: Nathália da Costa Galizio
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Scientific Initiation