Photoinactivation of multispecies cariogenic biofilm mediated by aluminum phthalocyanine chloride encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles

Author(s)

Ribeiro Cavalcante, Leonardo Lobo ^[1] ; Tedesco, Antonio Claudio ^[2] ; Souza-Gabriel, Aline Evangelista ^[1] ; Borges, Hiago Salge ^[2] ; Curylofo-Zotti, Fabiana Almeida ^[1] ; Milori Corona, Silmara Aparecida ^[1]

Affiliation

^[1] Univ Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto Sch Dent, Dept Restorat Dent, Ave Cafe S-N, BR-14040904 Ribeirao Preto, SP - Brazil

^[2] Univ Sao Paulo, FFCLRP, Photobiol & Photomed Res Grp, Ctr Nanotechnol & Tissue Engineers, Dept Chem, Ave Cafe S-N, BR-14040904 Ribeirao Preto, SP - Brazil

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: Lasers in Medical Science; NOV 2021.
• Web of Science Citations: 0

Abstract

This study aimed to characterize the aluminum phthalocyanine chloride (AlClPc) encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles (CN) and apply it in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on multispecies biofilm composed of Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus casei, and Candida albicans to analyze the antimicrobial activity and lactate production after treatment. Biofilms were formed in 24-well polystyrene plates at 37 degrees C for 48 h under microaerophilia. The following groups were evaluated (n = 9): as a positive control, 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX); phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) as a negative control; 2.5% CN as release vehicle control; the dark toxicity control of the formulations used (AlClPc and AlClPc + CN) was verified in the absence of light; for aPDT, after 30 min incubation time, the photosensitizers at a final concentration of 5.8 x 10(-3) mg/mL were photoirradiated for 1 min by visible light using a LED device (AlClPc + L and AlClPc + CN + L) with 660 nm at the energy density of 100 J/cm(2). An in vitro kit was used to measure lactate. The biofilm composition and morphology were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antimicrobial activity was analyzed by quantifying colony forming units per mL (CFU/mL) of each microorganism. Bacterial load between groups was analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests (alpha = 0.05). A lower lactate dosage was observed in the aPDT AlClPc + CN + L and CHX groups compared to the CN and AlClPc groups. The aPDT mediated by the nanoconjugate AlClPc + CN + L showed a significant reduction in the viability of S. mutans (3.18 log10 CFU/mL), L. casei (4.91 log10 CFU/mL), and C. albicans (2.09 log10 CFU/mL) compared to the negative control PBS (p < 0.05). aPDT using isolated AlClPc was similar to PBS to the three microorganisms (p > 0.05). The aPDT mediated by the nanoconjugate AlClPc + CN + L was efficient against the biofilm of S. mutans, L. casei, and C. albicans. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 13/50181-1 - Use of drugs containing nanocarriers with photosensitizers and/or other active compounds applied to cell therapy and treatment of central nervous system disorders
• Grantee: Antonio Claudio Tedesco
• Support Opportunities: Research Projects - Thematic Grants
• FAPESP's process: 19/05965-0 - Evaluation of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on heterogeneous cariogenic biofilm mediated by chloro-aluminum phthalocyanine encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles
• Grantee: Silmara Aparecida Milori Corona
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants