A Preliminary Study on the Relationship between Parasitaemia and Cytokine Expression of Peripheral Blood Cells in Trypanosoma vivax-Experimentally Infected Cattle

Author(s)

Fidelis Junior, Otavio Luiz ^{[1, 2]} ; Sampaio, Paulo Henrique ^[2] ; Goncalves, Luiz Ricardo ^[2] ; Machado, Rosangela Zacarias ^[2] ; Andre, Marcos Rogerio ^[2] ; Wijffels, Gene ^[3] ; Cadioli, Fabiano Antonio ^{[2, 4]}

Affiliation

^[1] Vila Velha Univ UVV, Dept Vet Med, Ave Comissario Jose Dantas de Melo 21, BR-29102920 Vila Velha, ES - Brazil

^[2] Sao Paulo State Univ Unesp, Sch Agr & Vet Sci, Dept Pathol Reprod & One Hlth, Lab Immunoparasitol, Via Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane S-N, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, SP - Brazil

^[3] Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org CSIRO, 306 Carmody Rd, St Lucia, Qld 4067 - Australia

^[4] Sao Paulo State Univ Unesp, Sch Vet Med, Rua Clovis Pestana 793, BR-16050470 Aracatuba, SP - Brazil

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: ANIMALS; v. 11, n. 11 NOV 2021.
• Web of Science Citations: 0

Abstract

Simple Summary:\& nbsp;Infections by Trypanosoma vivax in livestock have been reported with increasing frequency worldwide. Nevertheless, information regarding the immune response during the infection is scarce. Regarding that, cytokines play an important role as inflammation modulators, influencing the outcome of trypanosomosis. This study aimed to evaluate host cytokine production during T. vivax infection, in order to assess the increase or decrease of selected cytokines with the cattle's ability to control the infection. While animals that showed an increase in IL-6 and IFN? managed T. vivax parasitaemia satisfactorily, cattle that showed reduction of IL-1 beta, IL-2 and TNFa did not control the parasite multiplication. The presented results are preliminary and shed some light on the role of cytokines during T. vivax-infection.<br>Trypanosoma vivax outbreaks have been reported with increasing frequency worldwide, causing significant economic losses in livestock. Though several studies have suggested that cytokine responses may influence infection caused by Trypanosoma sp., their exact role remains unclear and may vary according to the animal species and parasite strain. The present study aimed to evaluate cytokine expression of peripheral blood cells from three Girolando dairy cows experimentally infected with T. vivax. For this purpose, blood samples were collected prior to the inoculation on the day of inoculation (D0), the day after inoculation (D1), and then every seven days up to 119 days after infection (DAI). Each animal presented a unique pattern of cytokine expression. While a tendency of a Th1 cytokine response was observed during the patent phase (presence of circulating parasites), an increase of Th2 cytokine expression was found at the beginning of the sub-patent phase (low parasitaemia or aparasitaemic periods). In animals that presented a better control of parasitaemia, IL-6 and IFN? increased during most of the trial period. On the other hand, the cow that presented reduction of IL-1 beta, IL-2, and TNFa during the entire period did not control parasitaemia properly. A balance between the Th1 and Th2 profile is beneficial for parasite control and animal health. The results found in the present study are a first step towards elucidating the dynamics of cattle's inflammatory response against T. vivax, requiring future studies focusing on the role of key cytokines on the controlling of parasitaemia in different stages of bovine trypanosomosis. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 16/17401-6 - Cytokine profile determined by ELISA in cattle experimentally infected by Trypanosoma vivax
• Grantee: Otávio Luiz Fidelis Júnior
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships abroad - Research Internship - Doctorate
• FAPESP's process: 12/02284-3 - Hematological, biochemical, sorologic and histopathological changes of naturally and experimentally infected bovines by Trypanosoma vivax
• Grantee: Fabiano Antonio Cadioli
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants
• FAPESP's process: 14/10572-4 - Cytokines profile and its relation with parasitemia in cattle experimentally infected by Trypanosoma vivax
• Grantee: Otávio Luiz Fidelis Júnior
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate