Factorial design of experiments for extraction and screening analysis of organic compounds in hydrochar and its process water of sugar cane bagasse and vinasse

Author(s)

Laranja, Marcio Justi ^[1] ; Julio da Silva, Renata Cristina ^[1] ; Bisinoti, Marcia Cristina ^[1] ; Moreira, Altair Benedito ^[1] ; Boscolo, Mauricio ^[2] ; Ferreira, Odair Pastor ^[3] ; Melo, Camila de Almeida ^[1]

Affiliation

^[1] Sao Paulo State Univ UNESP, Inst Biociencias Letras & Ciencias Exatas Ibilce, Dept Quim & Ciencias Ambientais, Lab Estudos Ciencias Ambientais, Sao Jose do Rio Preto Campus, BR-15054000 Sao Jose Do Rio Preto, SP - Brazil

^[2] Sao Paulo State Univ UNESP, Inst Biociencias Letras & Ciencias Exatas Ibilce, Dept Quim & Ciencias Ambientais, Lab Sucroquim & Quim Analit, Sao Jose do Rio Preto Campus, BR-15054000 Sao Jose Do Rio Preto, SP - Brazil

^[3] Univ Fed Ceara UFC, Dept Fis, Lab Mat Funcionais Avancados LaMFA, POB 6030, BR-60455900 Fortaleza, Ceara - Brazil

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY; v. 12, n. 1, SI, p. 81-90, JAN 2022.
• Web of Science Citations: 3

Abstract

The extraction of non-volatile (NVOC), semi-volatile (SVOC), and volatile (VOC) organic compounds in water and soil samples follows well-defined protocols, already described in the specialized literature. However, for environmental matrices that are either new, complex, or difficult to define, an adaptation of the extraction procedures needs to be made. Thus, the main purpose of this paper was to find the best conditions for the extraction of NVOC, SVOC, and VOC in complex matrix samples (hydrochar-HC and process water-PW) resulting from the hydrothermal carbonization of sugar cane bagasse and vinasse. For this, a factorial design (FD) was carried out for each type of extraction and sample. Solvent and temperature were the most determining parameters for the extraction processes. The best extraction conditions for NVOC from HC were obtained using acetone, during 8 h of reflux at Soxhlet and 1.00 g of HC (50 NVOCs), while for SVOC the best conditions were those using acetone, 40 min of ultrasound, and 1.00 g of HC (50 SVOCs). For NVOC from PW, the derivatization conditions that allowed the best extraction were found at 80 degrees C, 30 min, and 150 mu L of PW (36 NVOCs), while for SVOC, the best conditions of extraction were those using dichloromethane and 20 min in single extraction (34 SVOCs). For VOC from HC, the best conditions were 80 degrees C and 30 min (39 VOCs), while, from PW, these were 40 degrees C and 30 min (48 VOCs) of headspace equilibrium. In this way, FD enabled the adaptation of the extraction procedures for hydrochar and process water, making screening by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis possible. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 17/13230-5 - Partial ethanol reforming: stability and selectivity of mix metal amphoteric oxides as catalysts for atmospheric pressure flow reaction
• Grantee: Mauricio Boscolo
• Support Opportunities: Program for Research on Bioenergy (BIOEN) - Regular Program Grants
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• Grantee: Altair Benedito Moreira
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants
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• Grantee: Altair Benedito Moreira
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants
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• Grantee: Márcia Cristina Bisinoti
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants
• FAPESP's process: 18/15733-7 - Evaluation of the use of hydrochar for agricultural purposes and of magnetic coal as adsorbent material
• Grantee: Márcia Cristina Bisinoti
• Support Opportunities: Program for Research on Bioenergy (BIOEN) - Regular Program Grants
• FAPESP's process: 14/22400-3 - Evaluation of the potential reuse of the Bittern and hidrochar obtained from hydrothermal carbonization of vinasse and sugar bagasse with a view to agricultural application
• Grantee: Altair Benedito Moreira
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants
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• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants
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• Grantee: Camila de Almeida Melo
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Post-Doctoral