Different Species of Marine Sponges Diverge in Osteogenic Potential When Therapeutically Applied as Natural Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration in Rats

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Santos, Cintia P. G. ; Prado, Joao P. S. ; Fernandes, Kelly R. R. ; Kido, Hueliton W. W. ; Dorileo, Bianca P. P. ; Parisi, Julia R. R. ; Silva, Jonas A. A. ; Cruz, Matheus A. A. ; Custodio, Marcio R. ; Renno, Ana C. M. ; Granito, Renata N. N.

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL BIOMATERIALS; v. 14, n. 3, p. 19-pg., 2023-03-01.

Abstract

A highly porous structure, and an inorganic (biosilica) and collagen-like organic content (spongin) makes marine sponges potential candidates to be used as natural scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. The aim of this study was to characterize (through SEM, FTIR, EDS, XRD, pH, mass degradation and porosity tests) scaffolds produced from two species of marine sponges, Dragmacidon reticulatum (DR) and Amphimedon viridis (AV), and to evaluate the osteogenic potential of these scaffolds by using a bone defect model in rats. First, it was shown that the same chemical composition and porosity (84 +/- 5% for DR and 90 +/- 2% for AV) occurs among scaffolds from the two species. Higher material degradation was observed in the scaffolds of the DR group, with a greater loss of organic matter after incubation. Later, scaffolds from both species were surgically introduced in rat tibial defects, and histopathological analysis after 15 days showed the presence of neo-formed bone and osteoid tissue within the bone defect in DR, always around the silica spicules. In turn, AV exhibited a fibrous capsule around the lesion (19.9 +/- 17.1%), no formation of bone tissue and only a small amount of osteoid tissue. The results showed that scaffolds manufactured from Dragmacidon reticulatum presented a more suitable structure for stimulation of osteoid tissue formation when compared to Amphimedon viridis marine sponge species. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 19/10228-5 - Interdisciplinar net for the development of biotechnological products from marine origin for use in human health: pathological complication of the osteoarticular system
• Grantee: Ana Claudia Muniz Renno
• Support Opportunities: Research Projects - Thematic Grants
• FAPESP's process: 21/04957-4 - A novel bioglass of the SiO2 - Na2O - CaO - P2O5 system, developed from marine sponge biosilica, for use in bone tissue engineering: from conception to pre-clinical experimental application
• Grantee: Renata Neves Granito
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants