Biodegradable and Flexible Thermoplastic Composite Graphite Electrodes: A Promising Platform for Inexpensive and Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of Creatine Kinase at the Point-of-Care

Author(s)

de Lima, Lucas Felipe ; Ferreira, Andre Lopes ; de Freitas, Amanda de Sousa Martinez ; Rodrigues, Jessica de Souza ; Lemes, Ana Paula ; Ferreira, Marystela ; de Araujo, William Reis

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES; v. 15, n. 15, p. 13-pg., 2023-04-04.

Abstract

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the main cause of death worldwide, and the time of diagnosis is decisive for the effectiveness of the treatment of patients with AMI. Creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB) has a predominance and high affinity with myocardial tissue, making it considered one of the main biomarkers for the diagnosis of AMI. In this work, we report a novel biodegradable composite material based on a polymer blend of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) and Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PHBV:Ecoflex) and graphite microparticles for sensitive and selective electrochemical detection of CK-MB. The morphological and physicochemical characterizations of the thermoplastic composite material revealed a homogeneous and synergistic distribution of the graphite microparticles through the blend structure, providing low defects and high electrical conductivity with high electron transfer kinetics (k0 = 3.54 x 10-3 cm s-1) features with adequate flexibility for point-of-care applications. The portable and disposable devices were applied to detect CK-MB using the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique in a relevant clinical concentration ranging from 5.0 ng mL-1 to 100.0 ng mL-1 and presented a limit of detection of 0.26 ng mL-1 CK-MB. The selectivity of the sensor was confirmed by testing the potential interference of major biomolecules found in biofluids and other relevant macromolecules. The accuracy and robustness were assessed by addition and recovery protocol in urine and saliva samples without sample pretreatment and demonstrated the potential of our method for rapid and decentralized tests of AMI. In addition, the study of the thermal, biological, and photodegradation of the devices after being used was also carried out, aiming at the disposal of the material more sustainably. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 20/12659-0 - Poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) and carbon materials composite used in the development of flexible and biodegradable electrochemical devices
• Grantee: Marystela Ferreira
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants
• FAPESP's process: 16/19387-0 - LbL (LAYER-BY-LAYER) and Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) nanostructured films with emodin for systems carriers.
• Grantee: Marystela Ferreira
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants
• FAPESP's process: 19/02692-3 - Development an optical biossensor by surface plasmonic resonance (SPR) technique for the determination of creatine kinase (CK-MB)
• Grantee: André Lopes Ferreira
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Scientific Initiation
• FAPESP's process: 22/03250-7 - Development of portable and cost-effective biosensors for clinical diagnosis of bacterial and viral infections
• Grantee: William Reis de Araujo
• Support Opportunities: Research Grants - Initial Project
• FAPESP's process: 18/08782-1 - Miniaturized and integrated chemical sensors: new fabrication platforms for biological, clinical and environmental applications
• Grantee: Mauro Bertotti
• Support Opportunities: Research Projects - Thematic Grants
• FAPESP's process: 18/04061-8 - Layer by layer films of polypyrrol and magnetite nanoparticles in the analytical determination of parabens
• Grantee: Lucas Felipe de Lima
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Master