Low-cost photoelectrochemical sensor sensitized with carbon spherical shells and cobalt(II) phthalocyanine for fast acetaminophen determination

Author(s)

Martoni, Lucas V. L. ; Gomes, Nathalia O. ; Oliveira Jr, Osvaldo N. ; Machado, Sergio A. S. ; Raymundo-Pereira, Paulo A.

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: Microchemical Journal; v. 197, p. 11-pg., 2023-12-12.

Abstract

Contamination of waters by acetaminophen (paracetamol), one of the most consumed non-opioid analgesics, is a cause of public concern owing to inadequate disposal and inefficient water treatment. In this paper, we report on a photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor made with screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) modified with carbon spherical shells (CSS) and cobalt(II) phthalocyanine (CoPc) to determine acetaminophen in tap water and tablet samples. The CSS were synthesized from D-glucose and water via a hydrothermal route. They had an average diameter of 180 +/- 40 nm and band gap (Eg) of 1.3 eV estimated from the Tauc plot using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. An excellent performance was obtained with the PEC sensor detecting acetaminophen in a wide linear range, from 1.5 to 14 mu M, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.85 mu M. The PEC sensor is cost effective (each unit costs less than US$ 0.10), and its response was fast (3.5 min), reproducible, stable for 57 days and selective for acetaminophen. The electroanalytical method with this PEC sensor has the potential for routine analyses of acetaminophen in environmental control. (AU)

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