| Full text | |
| Author(s): |
Queiroz, Leonardo C.
;
Neves, Kidney O. G.
;
Monaretto, Tatiana
;
Costa, Luiz Antonio M. A.
;
Colnago, Luiz Aberto
;
Santos, Alan Diego C.
;
Machado, Marcos B.
Total Authors: 7
|
| Document type: | Journal article |
| Source: | Microchemical Journal; v. 213, p. 9-pg., 2025-04-23. |
| Abstract | |
Copaiba oil-resin, harvested from Copaifera spp. trees in the Amazon rainforest, is prized for its numerous pharmacological and cosmetic applications. However, its limited production, high cost, and miscibility with oils, mostly soybean oil (SO) and mineral oil (MO), often lead to adulteration with these substances. Thus, this study employed NMR to identify chemical markers and quantify adulterants in copaiba oil-resin samples using pulse length-based concentration determination (PULCON), partial least squares regression (PLSR), and standard addition methods. Analysis of authentic (n = 11 samples) and commercial samples (n = 6, representative of 64 samples) revealed beta-caryophyllene as the main component (22.9-68.7 % by GC-MS). For adulteration with soybean oil, TAG quantification was assessed using PULCON and PLSR, yielding consistent results. TAG (%) contents ranged from 1.0 f 0.3 % to 96.0 f 1.1 % via PULCON and from 9.4 f 4.4 % to 94.5 f 3.9 % via PLSR. Regarding adulteration with mineral oil, MO (%) adulteration levels ranged from 71.6 f 9.9 % to 91.2 f 6.9 % via standard addition and 75.8 f 4.3 % to 91.4 f 3.8 % via PLSR. Notably, 75 % of commercial samples were found to be adulterated with triacylglycerides (e.g., SO) or MO. Overall, NMR was effective in detecting adulteration of copaiba oil-resins with triacylglycerides (TAGs), especially from soybean oil, and mineral oil. It offers a promising alternative for quality control of this matrix without requiring separation and/or derivatization of adulterants. (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 21/12694-3 - Applications of NMR and infrared spectroscopies in the non-destructive analysis of products and agroindustrial processes |
| Grantee: | Luiz Alberto Colnago |
| Support Opportunities: | Regular Research Grants |