Abstract
The intense mechanization of harvesting and planting occurred in the system of sugarcane production, arising from the completion of the burn, the soil subjected to strong compression, reducing root growth, reducing productivity and longevity and subjecting the soil erosion risk due to lower water infiltration into the soil. For these reasons, we study new systems of soil preparation and spacings that are more suited to mechanization. The choice of tillage system may be the primary factor for high yields, sugarcane longevity and maximum economic return. With the advent of mechanization and targeting systems via satellites where you can beyond traffic control machines, plan and carry out soil preparation and furrowing only in predefined locations where there will be traffic machines, new modes of tillage for reform of sugarcane has emerged. The recommendations of lime on sugarcane were developed in conventional tillage and harvesting burnt cane. However, this new scenario, with new preparation systems maintenance of the straw-cane on the ground, there are no studies evaluating modes of tillage and interaction with lime. Raij (2008) analyzed the results of several experiments with lime on sugarcane and concluded that official recommendations for lime for the State of São Paulo, are underestimated, underscoring the need for studies. With the introduction of deep tillage banded systems are emerging doubts about the location (total area or just in the range of preparation) and quantities to be applied lime. Therefore, assessments of soil attributes, physiological parameters, CO2 emissions, yield and economic returns of long-term need to be conducted to indicate the best mode of preparation as well as the interaction of this with the lime in sugarcane. To do so, shall be mounted on alternate spacing planting, 1.5 x 0.9 m, three experiments, one in a Oxisol, another in a Entisol and another in a Ultisol, in randomized block design with split-plot design with four replications. The plots will consist of three tillage systems (1 - Conventional Preparation (PC) - standard/control; 2 - Preparation with rotary tiller plus shank subsoiler (PPFSER), 3 - PPFSER modified) and the subplots will consist of four liming levels (0, 1, 2 and 3 times the recommended rate for Spironello et al. 1996, based on soil samples of 0.0-0.20 and 0.20-0.40 m). Will be assessed chemical, physical, and biological soil properties, storage of water, greenhouse gases, carbon and nitrogen storage, nitrate leaching, the root system, physiological parameters, levels of foliar nutrients, stalks and sugar yield and economic return after each harvest. (AU)
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