Evaluation of the eco/genotoxicity of a natural dye modified for sustainable processes

Author(s)

Gabriel Rampazzo Magalhães

• Document type: Master's Dissertation
• Press: Limeira, SP.
• Institution: Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Faculdade de Tecnologia
• Defense date: 2023-10-26

Examining board members

Gisela de Aragão Umbuzeiro; Alyson Rogério Ribeiro; Francine Inforçato Vacchi

• Advisor: Gisela de Aragão Umbuzeiro

Abstract

Traditional dyeing processes consume large volumes of water and energy, not being environmentally sustainable, therefore, waterless dyeing processes have been developed, such as SC-CO2 and atmospheric plasma. Emodin is an anthraquinone of natural origin that, among its uses, is applied as a dye in the textile industry. Emodin showed promising results for SC-CO2, but to be used in atmospheric plasma, it is necessary to have an acryloyl group to be adhered to tissues. This dye proved to be mutagenic, acting by intercalation in the DNA due to the planarity of its molecule. Chemical modifications were made to emodin through the addition of an acryloyl group, generating two new compounds (Em-DR1 and Em-DR2). This alteration aimed to generate non-mutagenic molecules. The derivatized compounds were tested for mutagenicity and genotoxicity using an in vitro bacterial test (Ames test) and in vivo test (comet assay and micronucleus test on Parhyale hawaiensis hemocytes). The compounds were successfully generated, however, they showed mutagenicity in the test with bacteria, similarly to that observed for emodin. The two products, as well as emodin, increased the frequency of micronuclei in the hemolymph of P. hawaiensis, however, they were not genotoxic when evaluated in the comet test. Even though Em-DR1 and Em-DR2 are an interesting alternative to be used in atmospheric plasma dyeing, they do not seem to be an alternative from the genotoxic and mutagenic point of view. This work shows the importance of evaluating new dyes, both natural and chemically modified, for their mutagenic properties before being offered to the market (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 21/06369-2 - Eco/genotoxicity assessment of a modified natural dye for sustainable processes
• Grantee: Gabriel Rampazzo Magalhães
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Master