Fractionated extraction of saponins from Brazilian ginseng by sequential process using supercritical CO2, ethanol and water

Author(s)

Bitencourt, Raphaela G. ^[1] ; Queiroga, Carmen L. ^[2] ; Montanari Junior, Ilio ^[2] ; Cabral, Fernando A. ^[1]

Affiliation

^[1] Univ Campinas UNICAMP, Dept Food Engn, BR-13083862 Campinas, SP - Brazil

^[2] Univ Campinas UNICAMP, Chem Biol & Agr Pluridisciplinary Res Ctr CPQBA, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP - Brazil

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS; v. 92, p. 272-281, AUG 2014.
• Web of Science Citations: 24

Abstract

Saponins are surfactants that reduce the surface tension of aqueous solutions, besides having pharmacological actions. In order to extract and fractionate saponins from Pfaffia glomerata roots and Hebanthe eriantha roots using supercritical technology, fractionated extracts were obtained from a sequential process in fixed bed using supercritical CO2 (scCO(2)), ethanol, and water as solvents. All extractions were carried out in four sequential steps, at 50 degrees C and 300 bar. In the first step, pure scCO2 was used as solvent, while (a) scCO(2)/etanol (70:30, w/w); (b) ethanol, and (c) ethanol/water (70:30, v/v) were used as solvents in the three subsequent steps. The extracts were analyzed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and surface tension. The extraction yields of the four steps were 0.16, 0.55, 1.00, and 6.90% for P. glomerata roots, and 0.17, 0.58, 0.89, and 28% for H. eriantha roots, showing a predominance of high polarity compounds in these species. TLC analysis showed that the extraction process was selective according to the polarity of the solvent, and provided extracts containing different saponins, except for scCO(2) extraction. The extracts from the extraction using ethanol + scCO(2) (Step 2) showed the greatest ability to reduce the surface tension of water from 72 mN m(-1) (pure water) to 25 mN m(-1), suggesting that this step was the best for extraction of less polar saponins in the extracts. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) values were approximately 2 and 8 g L-1 for P. glomerata and H. Eriantha, respectively. These results confirmed the efficacy of the extraction process under study. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 06/06059-3 - Evaluation of the saponin antiinflammatory activity of Pfaffia spp.
• Grantee: Carmen Lucia Queiroga
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants
• FAPESP's process: 12/20736-9 - Use of supercritical technology to fractionate saponins in natural extracts
• Grantee: Raphaela Gabrí Bitencourt
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Master