Body Composition Indices and Single and Clustered Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Adolescents: Providing Clinical-Based Cut-Points

Author(s):Show less -

Gracia-Marco, Luis ^{[1, 2]} ; Moreno, Luis A. ^{[3, 2, 4]} ; Ruiz, Jonatan R. ^{[5, 6]} ; Ortega, Francisco B. ^{[5, 6]} ; Ferreira de Moraes, Augusto Cesar ^{[3, 2]} ; Gottrand, Frederic ^{[7, 8, 9]} ; Roccaldo, Romania ^[10] ; Marcos, Ascension ^[11] ; Gomez-Martinez, Sonia ^[11] ; Dallongeville, Jean ^{[12, 13, 14]} ; Kafatos, Anthony ^[15] ; Molnar, Denes ^[16] ; Bueno, Gloria ^[17] ; de Henauw, Stefaan ^[18] ; Widhalm, Kurt ^{[19, 20]} ; Wellsr, Jonathan C. ^[21]

Affiliation:Show less -

^[1] Univ Exeter, CHERC, Sport & Hlth Sci, Exeter, Devon - England

^[2] Univ Zaragoza, GENUD Growth Exercise Nutr & Dev Res Grp, Zaragoza - Spain

^[3] Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Sao Paulo, SP - Brazil

^[4] Univ Zaragoza, Fac Ciencias Salud, C Domingo Miral S-N, E-50009 Zaragoza - Spain

^[5] Karolinska Inst, Dept Biosci & Nutr, Unit Prevent Nutr, Huddinge - Sweden

^[6] Univ Granada, Fac Sport Sci, Dept Phys Educ & Sport, PROFITH PROmoting FITness & Hlth Phys Act Res Grp, Granada - Spain

^[7] Univ Lille Nord France, Lille - France

^[8] CIC 9301 Inserm CH&U, Ctr Invest Clin, Lille - France

^[9] INSERM, Unite U995, F-59045 Lille - France

^[10] Agr Res Council, Food & Nutr Res Ctr CRA NUT, Rome - Italy

^[11] ICTAN CSIC, Inst Food Sci & Technol & Nutr, Immunonutr Grp, C Jose Antonio Novais 10, Madrid 28040 - Spain

^[12] Inst Pasteur, 1 Rue Pr Calmette, F-59019 Lille - France

^[13] INSERM, U 744, 1 Rue Pr Calmette, F-59019 Lille - France

^[14] Univ Lille Nord France, 1 Rue Pr Calmette, F-59019 Lille - France

^[15] Univ Crete, Sch Med, Dept Social Med, Prevent Med & Nutr Clin, Iraklion - Greece

^[16] Univ Pecs, Dept Paediat, Pecs - Hungary

^[17] Hosp Clin Univ Lozano Blesa, Dept Pediat, Zaragoza - Spain

^[18] Univ Ghent, Dept Publ Hlth, B-9000 Ghent - Belgium

^[19] Med Univ Vienna, Div Clin Nutr, Dept Paediat & Adolescents Med, Vienna - Austria

^[20] Private Med Univ Salzburg, Dept Pediat, Salzburg - Austria

^[21] UCL, Inst Child Hlth, Childhood Nutr Res Ctr, London - England

• Document type: Review article
• Source: PROGRESS IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; v. 58, n. 5, p. 555-564, MAR-APR 2016.
• Web of Science Citations: 22

Abstract

The aims of the present study in adolescents were 1) to examine how various body composition-screening tests relate to single and clustered cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, 2) to examine how lean mass and body fatness (independently of each other) relate to clustered CVD risk factors, and 3) to calculate specific thresholds for body composition indices associated with an unhealthier clustered CVD risk. We measured 1089 European adolescents (46.7% boys, 12.5-17.49 years) in 2006-2007. CVD risk factors included: systolic blood pressure, maximum oxygen uptake, homeostasis model assessment, C-reactive protein (n = 748), total cholesterol/high density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides. Body composition indices included: height, body mass index (BMI), lean mass, the sum of four skinfolds, central/peripheral skinfolds, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). Most body composition indices are associated with single CVD risk factors. The sum of four skinfolds, WHtR, BMI, WC and lean mass are strong and positively associated with clustered CVD risk. Interestingly, lean mass is positively associated with clustered CVD risk independently of body fatness in girls. Moderate and highly accurate thresholds for the sum of four skinfolds, WHtR, BMI, WC and lean mass are associated with an unhealthier clustered CVD risk (all AUC > 0.773). In conclusion, our results support an association between most of the assessed body composition indices and single and clustered CVD risk factors. In addition, lean mass (independent of body fatness) is positively associated with clustered CVD risk in girls, which is a novel finding that helps to understand why an index such as BMI is a good index of CVD risk but a bad index of adiposity. Moderate to highly accurate thresholds for body composition indices associated with a healthier clustered CVD risk were found. Further studies with a longitudinal design are needed to confirm these findings. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 11/11137-1 - High blood pressure and aggregation of risk factors in adolescents: a multicenter study
• Grantee: Augusto César Ferreira de Moraes
• Support type: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate
• FAPESP's process: 11/20662-2 - High blood pressure and aggregation of risk factors in adolescents: a multicenter study
• Grantee: Augusto César Ferreira de Moraes
• Support type: Scholarships abroad - Research Internship - Doctorate