Antimicrobial peptide-loaded liquid crystalline precursor bioadhesive system for the prevention of dental caries

Author(s)

Aida, Kelly Limi ^[1] ; Kreling, Paula Fernanda ^[1] ; Caiaffa, Karina Sampaio ^[2] ; Fioramonti Calixto, Giovana Maria ^[3] ; Chorilli, Marlus ^[3] ; Spolidorio, Denise M. P. ^[4] ; Santos-Filho, Norival Alves ^{[5, 6]} ; Cilli, Eduardo Maffud ^[5] ; Duque, Cristiane ^[1]

Affiliation

^[1] Sao Paulo State Univ, UNESP, Aracatuba Dent Sch, Dept Pediat Dent & Publ Hlth, R Jose Bonifacio 1193, BR-16015050 Aracatuba, SP - Brazil

^[2] Sao Paulo State Univ, UNESP, Aracatuba Dent Sch, Dept Endodont, Aracatuba, SP - Brazil

^[3] Sao Paulo State Univ, UNESP, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Drugs & Med, Aracatuba, SP - Brazil

^[4] Sao Paulo State Univ, UNESP, Araraquara Dent Sch, Dept Physiol & Pathol, Aracatuba, SP - Brazil

^[5] Sao Paulo State Univ, UNESP, Inst Chem, Dept Biochem & Chem Technol, Aracatuba, SP - Brazil

^[6] Sao Paulo State Univ, UNESP, Registro Expt Campus, Registro, SP - Brazil

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE; v. 13, p. 3081-3091, 2018.
• Web of Science Citations: 5

Abstract

Background: Anticaries agents must interfere with the adhesion of Streptococcus mutans and its proliferation in dental biofilm, without causing host toxicity and bacterial resistance. Natural substances, including cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) and their fragments, such as beta-defensin-3 peptide fragment (D1-23), have been widely studied. However, the chemical and physical stability of CAMPs may be compromised by external factors, such as temperature and pH, reducing the period of antimicrobial activity. Methods: To overcome the aforementioned disadvantage, this study developed and characterized a drug delivery system and evaluated the cytotoxicity and effect against S. mutans biofilm of a D1-23-loaded bioadhesive liquid crystalline system (LCS). LCS was composed of oleic acid, polyoxypropylene-(5)-polyoxyethylene-(20)-cetyl alcohol, Carbopol (R) 974P and Carbopol (R) 971P. LCS was analyzed by polarized light microscopy (PLM), rheology (viscoelasticity and flow properties) and in vitro bioadhesion. The viability of epithelial cells was evaluated. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) against S. mutans were determined for D1-23 for further evaluation of the effect against S. mutans biofilm after 4 and 24 h of exposure to treatments. Results: PLM, rheology, and in vitro bioadhesion tests showed that both viscosity and bioadhesion of LCS increased after it was diluted with artificial saliva. D1-23-loaded LCS system presented better activity against S. mutans biofilm after 24 h when compared to 4 h of treatment, showing a cumulative effect. Neither LCS nor D1-23-loaded LCS presented toxicity on human epithelial cells. Conclusion: D1-23-loaded LCS is a promising drug delivery system for the prevention of dental caries. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 13/01565-1 - Mucoadhesive precursor systems of liquids crystals for buccal admnistration of antigelatinolytic peptide associated with photodynamic therapy in the treatment of oral cancer
• Grantee: Giovana Maria Fioramonti Calixto Balian
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate
• FAPESP's process: 13/12285-0 - Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of cationic peptide fragments isolated or in combination in the prevention of dental caries.
• Grantee: Paula Fernanda Kreling Domingues
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate
• FAPESP's process: 13/07600-3 - CIBFar - Center for Innovation in Biodiversity and Drug Discovery
• Grantee: Glaucius Oliva
• Support Opportunities: Research Grants - Research, Innovation and Dissemination Centers - RIDC
• FAPESP's process: 12/19235-5 - Antimicrobial and immunological role of cationic peptides in the prevention of early childhood caries and a proposal for incorporation of these peptides in nanoparticles systems as anticaries agents
• Grantee: Cristiane Duque
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants