In situ Immune Signatures and Microbial Load at the Nasopharyngeal Interface in Children With Acute Respiratory Infection

Author(s):Show less -

Fukutani, Kiyoshi F. ^[1] ; Nascimento-Carvalho, Cristiana M. ^{[2, 3]} ; Bouzas, Maiara L. ^[2] ; Oliveira, Juliana R. ^[2] ; Barral, Aldina ^{[2, 1]} ; Dierckx, Tim ^[4] ; Khouri, Ricardo ^{[2, 1]} ; Nakaya, Helder I. ^[5] ; Andrade, Bruno B. ^{[1, 6]} ; Van Weyenbergh, Johan ^[4] ; de Oliveira, Camila I. ^{[2, 1]}

Affiliation

^[1] Fiocruz MS, Inst Goncalo Moniz, Salvador, BA - Brazil

^[2] Univ Fed Bahia, Sch Med, Salvador, BA - Brazil

^[3] Univ Fed Bahia, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Salvador, BA - Brazil

^[4] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Rega Inst Med Res, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Leuven - Belgium

^[5] Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Clin & Toxicol Anal, Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[6] Fdn Jose Silveira, Multinatl Org Network Sponsoring Translat & Epide, Salvador, BA - Brazil

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY; v. 9, NOV 9 2018.
• Web of Science Citations: 0

Abstract

Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is the most frequent cause for hospitalization in infants and young children. Using multiplexed nCounter technology to digitally quantify 600 human mRNAs in parallel with 14 virus- and 5 bacterium-specific RNAs, we characterized viral and bacterial presence in nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) of 58 children with ARI and determined the corresponding in situ immune profiles. NPA contained different groups of organisms and these were classified into bacterial (n = 27), viral (n = 5), codetection {[}containing both viral and bacterial transcripts (n = 21), or indeterminate intermediate where microbial load is below threshold (n = 5)]. We then identified differentially expressed immune transcripts (DEITs) comparing NPAs from symptomatic children vs. healthy controls, and comparing children presenting NPAs with detectable microbial load vs. indeterminate. We observed a strong innate immune response in NPAs, due to the presence of evolutionarily conserved type I Interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes (ISG), which was correlated with total bacterial and/or viral load. In comparison with indeterminate NPAs, adaptive immunity transcripts discriminated among viral, bacterial, and codetected microbial profiles. In viral NPAs, B cell transcripts were significantly enriched among DEITs, while only type III IFN was correlated with viral load. In bacterial NPAs, myeloid cells and coinhibitory transcripts were enriched and significantly correlated with bacterial load. In conclusion, digital nCounter transcriptomics provide a microbial and immunological in situ ``snapshot{''} of the nasopharyngeal interface in children with ARI. This enabled discrimination among viral, bacterial, codetection, and indeterminate transcripts in the samples using non-invasive sampling. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 12/19278-6 - Systems biology of long non-coding RNAs
• Grantee: Helder Takashi Imoto Nakaya
• Support Opportunities: Research Grants - Young Investigators Grants
• FAPESP's process: 17/50137-3 - Long noncoding RNA interplay with the host microbiome may determine mucosal influenza vaccine immunogenicity
• Grantee: Helder Takashi Imoto Nakaya
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants