Diet quality, excess body weight and cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents living in Sao Paulo, Brazil and in the USA: differences and similarities

Author(s)

Pereira, Jaqueline L. ^[1] ; Mattei, Josiemer ^[2] ; Isasi, Carmen R. ^[3] ; Van Horn, Linda ^[4] ; Carnethon, Mercedes R. ^[4] ; Daviglus, Martha L. ^[4] ; Perera, Marisa J. ^[5] ; Sotres-Alvarez, Daniela ^[6] ; Fisberg, Regina M. ^[1]

Affiliation

^[1] Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[2] Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA - USA

^[3] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Bronx, NY 10467 - USA

^[4] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Chicago, IL - USA

^[5] Univ Miami, Dept Psychol, POB 248185, Coral Gables, FL 33124 - USA

^[6] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 - USA

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION; v. 24, n. 13, p. 4091-4101, SEP 2021.
• Web of Science Citations: 4

Abstract

Objective: To compare diet quality and its association with excess body weight (EBW: overweight/obesity), central adiposity (CA) and CVD risk factors (CVDR) among adolescents from Brazil and USA. Design: Data from two cross-sectional surveys: Health Survey of Sao Paulo (ISA-Nutrition) and Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latino Youth (SOL-Youth). Dietary intake was assessed from 24-h recalls, and diet quality using the Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI) developed in the USA and the Revised Brazilian Healthy Eating Index (BHEI-R). CVDR was defined as >= 3 of: obesity, elevated blood pressure, dyslipidaemia, high plasma glucose and insulin resistance. Adjusted OR for EBW, CA and CVDR by diet quality were tested using logistic regression. Setting: Sao Paulo, Brazil; and Chicago, IL; Miami, FL; Bronx, NY; San Diego, CA. Participants: Adolescents (12-16 years) living in Sao Paulo (n 189) and USA (n 787). Results: ISA-Nutrition individuals with EBW (v. without) had marginally lower (unhealthier) scores for whole grains using BHEI-R and sugary beverages using AHEI. SOL-Youth individuals with EBW had lower scores of nuts/legumes using AHEI, and Na using BHEI-R, but higher scores of whole grains and dairy using BHEI-R. In ISA-Nutrition, BHEI-R was inversely associated with EBW (OR = 0 center dot 87; 95 % CI 0 center dot 80, 0 center dot 95) and CVDR (OR = 0 center dot 89; 95 % CI 0 center dot 80, 0 center dot 98). In SOL-Youth, AHEI was inversely associated with EBW (OR = 0 center dot 93; 95 % CI 0 center dot 87, 0 center dot 99). Conclusions: Dietary improvements should be made by adolescents in both USA and Brazil. Healthier diet quality as measured with the country-specific index was associated with lower odds of EBW in Brazilian and USA-Hispanic/Latino adolescents, and with lower CVDR in Brazilian adolescents. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 17/02480-0 - Diet quality, obesity, and cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents living in São Paulo and in the USA: differences and similarities
• Grantee: Jaqueline Lopes Pereira França
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships abroad - Research Internship - Doctorate
• FAPESP's process: 12/22113-9 - Biochemical indicators of micronutrient status and usual intakes of residents from the City of São Paulo - ISA-Capital Survey 2013
• Grantee: Regina Mara Fisberg
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants