Differential Gene Expression Associated with Soybean Oil Level in the Diet of Pigs

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Fanalli, Simara Larissa ; Martins da Silva, Bruna Pereira ; Gomes, Julia Dezen ; de Almeida, Vivian Vezzoni ; Oliveira Freitas, Felipe Andre ; Monteiro Moreira, Gabriel Costa ; Silva-Vignato, Barbara ; Afonso, Juliana ; Reecy, James ; Koltes, James ; Koltes, Dawn ; de Almeida Regitano, Luciana Correia ; Garrick, Dorian John ; de Carvalho Balieiro, Julio Cesar ; Meira, Ariana Nascimento ; Freitas, Luciana ; Coutinho, Luiz Lehmann ; Fukumasu, Heidge ; Mourao, Gerson Barreto ; de Alencar, Severino Matias ; Luchiari Filho, Albino ; Mello Cesar, Aline Silva

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: ANIMALS; v. 12, n. 13, p. 21-pg., 2022-07-01.

Abstract

Simple Summary Findings from the analysis of the pig transcriptome may help to better understand the biological mechanisms that can be modulated by the diet. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify the differentially expressed genes from the skeletal muscle and liver samples of pigs fed diets with two different levels of soybean oil (1.5 or 3%). The FA profile in the tissues was modified by the diet mainly related to monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA). This nutrigenomics study verified the effect of different levels of soybean oil in the pig diet on the transcriptome profile of skeletal muscle and liver, where the higher level of soybean oil added to the diet led to a higher expression of genes targeting biological processes related to lipid oxidation and consequently to metabolic diseases and inflammation. The aim of this study was to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEG) from the skeletal muscle and liver samples of animal models for metabolic diseases in humans. To perform the study, the fatty acid (FA) profile and RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) data of 35 samples of liver tissue (SOY1.5, n = 17 and SOY3.0, n = 18) and 36 samples of skeletal muscle (SOY1.5, n = 18 and SOY3.0, n = 18) of Large White pigs were analyzed. The FA profile of the tissues was modified by the diet, mainly those related to monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA) FA. The skeletal muscle transcriptome analysis revealed 45 DEG (FDR 10%), and the functional enrichment analysis identified network maps related to inflammation, immune processes, and pathways associated with oxidative stress, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic dysfunction. For the liver tissue, the transcriptome profile analysis revealed 281 DEG, which participate in network maps related to neurodegenerative diseases. With this nutrigenomics study, we verified that different levels of soybean oil in the pig diet, an animal model for metabolic diseases in humans, affected the transcriptome profile of skeletal muscle and liver tissue. These findings may help to better understand the biological mechanisms that can be modulated by the diet. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 17/25180-2 - Effect of dietary oleic acid on fatty acid composition and inflammatory response profile in different tissues of pigs
• Grantee: Aline Silva Mello Cesar
• Support Opportunities: Research Grants - Young Investigators Grants
• FAPESP's process: 18/26797-6 - Effect of dietary oleic acid on fatty acid composition and inflammatory response profile in different tissues of pigs
• Grantee: Julia Pereira Martins da Silva
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Scientific Initiation
• FAPESP's process: 14/02493-7 - Mammary tumors of dogs and the cancer stem cell theory: a comparative and translational approach
• Grantee: Heidge Fukumasu
• Support Opportunities: Research Grants - Young Investigators Grants
• FAPESP's process: 20/14148-3 - Evaluation of biochemical parameters of blood serum of swine feeded with different sources of fatty acids
• Grantee: Julia Dezen Gomes
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Scientific Initiation
• FAPESP's process: 20/10042-6 - Lipid profile and transcriptome of the brain of swine feeded with different oil sources
• Grantee: Bruna Pereira Martins da Silva
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Master
• FAPESP's process: 18/26816-0 - Effect of dietary oleic acid on fatty acid composition and inflammatory response profile in different tissues of pigs
• Grantee: Julia Dezen Gomes
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Scientific Initiation
• FAPESP's process: 18/15653-3 - Effect of dietary oleic acid on fatty acid composition and inflammatory response profile in different tissues of pigs
• Grantee: Aline Silva Mello Cesar
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Young Researchers