Brain fatty acid and transcriptome profiles of pig fed diets with different levels of soybean oil

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da Silva, Bruna Pereira Martins ; Fanalli, Simara Larissa ; Gomes, Julia Dezen ; de Almeida, Vivian Vezzoni ; Fukumasu, Heidge ; Freitas, Felipe Andre Oliveira ; Moreira, Gabriel Costa Monteiro ; Silva-Vignato, Barbara ; Reecy, James Mark ; Koltes, James Eugene ; Koltes, Dawn ; de Carvalho Balieiro, Julio Cesar ; de Alencar, Severino Matias ; da Silva, Julia Pereira Martins ; Coutinho, Luiz Lehmann ; Afonso, Juliana ; de Almeida Regitano, Luciana Correia ; Mourao, Gerson Barreto ; Filho, Albino Luchiari ; Cesar, Aline Silva Mello

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: BMC Genomics; v. 24, n. 1, p. 13-pg., 2023-02-28.

Abstract

BackgroundThe high similarity in anatomical and neurophysiological processes between pigs and humans make pigs an excellent model for metabolic diseases and neurological disorders. Lipids are essential for brain structure and function, and the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have anti-inflammatory and positive effects against cognitive dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases. Nutrigenomics studies involving pigs and fatty acids (FA) may help us in better understanding important biological processes. In this study, the main goal was to evaluate the effect of different levels of dietary soybean oil on the lipid profile and transcriptome in pigs' brain tissue.ResultsThirty-six male Large White pigs were used in a 98-day study using two experimental diets corn-soybean meal diet containing 1.5% soybean oil (SOY1.5) and corn-soybean meal diet containing 3.0% soybean oil (SOY3.0). No differences were found for the brain total lipid content and FA profile between the different levels of soybean oil. For differential expression analysis, using the DESeq2 statistical package, a total of 34 differentially expressed genes (DEG, FDR-corrected p-value < 0.05) were identified. Of these 34 DEG, 25 are known-genes, of which 11 were up-regulated (log2 fold change ranging from + 0.25 to + 2.93) and 14 were down-regulated (log2 fold change ranging from - 3.43 to -0.36) for the SOY1.5 group compared to SOY3.0. For the functional enrichment analysis performed using MetaCore with the 34 DEG, four pathway maps were identified (p-value < 0.05), related to the ALOX15B (log2 fold change - 1.489), CALB1 (log2 fold change - 3.431) and CAST (log2 fold change + 0.421) genes. A "calcium transport" network (p-value = 2.303e-2), related to the CAST and CALB1 genes, was also identified.ConclusionThe results found in this study contribute to understanding the pathways and networks associated with processes involved in intracellular calcium, lipid metabolism, and oxidative processes in the brain tissue. Moreover, these results may help a better comprehension of the modulating effects of soybean oil and its FA composition on processes and diseases affecting the brain tissue. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 18/26797-6 - Effect of dietary oleic acid on fatty acid composition and inflammatory response profile in different tissues of pigs
• Grantee: Julia Pereira Martins da Silva
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Scientific Initiation
• FAPESP's process: 17/25180-2 - Effect of dietary oleic acid on fatty acid composition and inflammatory response profile in different tissues of pigs
• Grantee: Aline Silva Mello Cesar
• Support Opportunities: Research Grants - Young Investigators Grants
• FAPESP's process: 18/15653-3 - Effect of dietary oleic acid on fatty acid composition and inflammatory response profile in different tissues of pigs
• Grantee: Aline Silva Mello Cesar
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Young Researchers
• FAPESP's process: 18/26816-0 - Effect of dietary oleic acid on fatty acid composition and inflammatory response profile in different tissues of pigs
• Grantee: Julia Dezen Gomes
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Scientific Initiation
• FAPESP's process: 21/01694-2 - eQTLl identification from muscle and pig liver RNA sequencing
• Grantee: Felipe André Oliveira Freitas
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Master
• FAPESP's process: 20/10042-6 - Lipid profile and transcriptome of the brain of swine feeded with different oil sources
• Grantee: Bruna Pereira Martins da Silva
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Master