Synergistic effects of climate change and land use on carbon source and sink of Amazon forest ecosystem

• Grant number: 22/07974-0
• Support Opportunities: Research Program on Global Climate Change - Thematic Grants
• Start date: January 01, 2023
• End date: December 31, 2026
• Field of knowledge: Physical Sciences and Mathematics - Geosciences - Meteorology
• Agreement: National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)
• Principal Investigator: Luiz Augusto Toledo Machado
• Grantee: Luiz Augusto Toledo Machado
• Principal researcher abroad: Xiyan Xu
• Institution abroad: Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), China
• Host Institution: Instituto de Física (IF). Universidade de São Paulo (USP). São Paulo , SP, Brazil
• Pesquisadores principais: Tercio Ambrizzi
• Associated researchers: Alan James Peixoto Calheiros ; Augusto César Barros Barbosa ; Celso von Randow ; Cleo Quaresma Dias Júnior ; Dirceu Luis Herdies ; Henrique de Melo Jorge Barbosa ; Luciana Varanda Rizzo ; Marco Aurélio de Menezes Franco ; Paulo Eduardo Artaxo Netto ; Pedro Luiz Pizzigatti Corrêa ; Samara Carbone ; Santiago Botía
• Associated research grant(s): 23/02804-1 - Impacts of extratropical cyclones on wind and precipitation extremes in Southeastern South America: historical simulations and future projections using regional climate models (CORDEX) and global climate high- resolution models (HighResMIP), AP.R
• Associated scholarship(s): 24/19065-0 - Data analysis using observations and numerical modeling to estimate carbon exchange in forest areas in Amazonia, BP.PD; 24/18341-3 - Development of a database on greenhouse gases in the Amazon, BP.TT; 24/01383-5 - Data analysis using observations and numerical modeling to estimate carbon exchange in forest areas in Amazonia, BP.PD; + associated scholarships 24/01369-2 - Modeling the transport of greenhouse gases under different deforestation scenarios in the Amazon using the WRF-GHG regional model, BP.PD; 23/15954-1 - Spatial distribution of aerosol particles in Amazônia and its impact on radiation balance, BP.IC; 23/06157-0 - Estimative of urban plume dispersion parameters for the city of Manaus based on airplane and satellite observations, BP.IC; 23/05703-1 - Development of a database on greenhouse gases in the Amazon, BP.TT - associated scholarships

Abstract

The Amazon Basin, centered in Brazil, has the largest tropical rainforest on Earth, storing about 15% of the total global biomass carbon pool. The Amazon forests remove 0.4 Pg C y-1 from the atmosphere, about 4% of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions each year. Evapotranspiration by the Amazon forest provides a steady flow of water vapor to the atmosphere, acting as a major water vapor source in continental scale. Therefore, the Amazon rainforest plays a key role in the regional and global climate system by regulating the carbon cycle and atmospheric moisture circulation. However, driven by human activities and climate change, the continuous reduction of Amazon rainforest not only threatens the sustainable development of the region, but also may exacerbate the global climate crisis, which challenges the climate change mitigation goal under the Paris Agreement. Here, we propose to utilize remote sensing data and ground observations, with the application of multiscale Earth system and geospatial information models aiming to (1) Explore the climate feedbacks of land use and its contribution to climate extremes in Amazonia; (2) Estimate carbon source and sink, and investigate the climate and land use processes that control carbon fluxes in Amazonia; and (3) Project future changes in carbon source and sink of rainforest ecosystem under different climate change and land use scenarios in the future, and propose possible pathways and adaptation strategies to address climate change and protect rainforest through sustainable land use and management. This research is jointly proposed by the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the University of São Paulo, Brazil. Both teams have their own advantages and complementarity, and they have solid research background on climate change, land use change, ecosystem carbon cycle. The research teams have necessary field observation and research networks in the study area, which can provide solid data, theory and technical support for the implementation of this collaborative research. This research will provide scientific support for policymaking and achievement of sustainable use and management of tropical forest ecosystems (SDG15) and actions taken to combat climate change (SDG13) in the framework of United Nations sustainable development goals (SDG). (AU)

Scientific publications

(6)

(References retrieved automatically from Web of Science and SciELO through information on FAPESP grants and their corresponding numbers as mentioned in the publications by the authors)

MACHADO, LUIZ A. T.; KESSELMEIER, JUERGEN; BOTIA, SANTIAGO; VAN ASPEREN, HELLA; O. ANDREAE, MEINRAT; DE ARAUJO, ALESSANDRO C.; ARTAXO, PAULO; EDTBAUER, ACHIM; R. FERREIRA, ROSARIA; FRANCO, MARCO A.; et al. How rainfall events modify trace gas mixing ratios in central Amazonia. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, v. 24, n. 15, p. 18-pg., 2024-08-13. (22/07974-0)

UNFER, GABRIELA R.; MACHADO, LUIZ A. T.; ALBRECHT, RACHEL I.; CECCHINI, MICAEL A.; HARDER, HARTWIG; MAGINA, FLAVIO C.; POEHLKER, MIRA L.; POESCHL, ULRICH; VILA-GUERAU DE ARELLANO, JORDI; WILLIAMS, EARLE R.; et al. Decoding the Relationship Between Cloud Electrification, Downdrafts, and Surface Ozone in the Amazon Basin. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES, v. 130, n. 4, p. 15-pg., 2025-02-28. (21/03547-7, 22/01780-9, 22/07974-0)

MARQUES, ANDRE LUIS FERREIRA; TEIXEIRA, MARCIO JOSE; DE ALMEIDA, FELIPE VALENCIA; CORREA, PEDRO LUIZ PIZZIGATTI. Application of data science in the prediction of solar energy for the Amazon basin: a study case. CLEAN ENERGY, v. 7, n. 6, p. 12-pg., 2023-12-01. (22/07974-0, 14/50279-4, 20/15230-5)

MACHADO, LUIZ A. T.; UNFER, GABRIELA R.; BRILL, SEBASTIAN; HILDMANN, STEFANIE; POEHLKER, CHRISTOPHER; CHENG, YAFANG; WILLIAMS, JONATHAN; HARTWIG, HARDER; ANDREAE, MEINRAT O.; ARTAXO, PAULO; et al. Frequent rainfall-induced new particle formation within the canopy in the Amazon rainforest. NATURE GEOSCIENCE, v. N/A, p. 11-pg., 2024-11-08. (22/07974-0, 17/17047-0)

UNFER, GABRIELA; MACHADO, LUIZ; ARTAXO, PAULO; FRANCO, MARCO; KREMPER, LESLIE; POEHLKER, MIRA; POESCHL, ULRICH; POEHLKER, CHRISTOPHER. Amazonian aerosol size distributions in a lognormal phase space: characteristics and trajectories. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, v. 24, n. 6, p. 14-pg., 2024-04-02. (21/03547-7, 22/07974-0, 22/01780-9)

ARTAXO, PAULO. Amazon deforestation implications in local/regional climate change. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, v. 120, n. 50, p. 3-pg., 2023-11-30. (22/07974-0, 17/17047-0)